Ceramic bone graft substitute with equine bone protein extract is comparable to allograft in terms of implant fixation: A study in dogs

Abstract

Background and purpose We studied whether osseointegration and fixation of plasma-sprayed titanium implants grafted with β-TCP granules (Ossaplast) can be improved by adding an osteogenic signal (Colloss E). The results were compared to implants grafted with fresh frozen morselized allograft with and without the Colloss E device.Methods 4 porous-coated Ti implants were placed in the proximal humeri in each of 10 dogs. All implants were surrounded by a 2.5-mm defect, which was grafted with: (A) β-TCP, (B) β-TCP + 20 mg Colloss E, (C) allograft, or (D) allograft + 20 mg Colloss E. The observation time was 4 weeks.Results Mechanical testing showed that the β-TCP group with Colloss E was twice as well fixed as the control group grafted with β-TCP granules alone, and comparable to both allograft groups. We found that every control implant in the β-TCP grafted group was covered by a dense fibrous membrane. No fibrous tissue was seen in the β-TCP group augmented with Colloss. These implants were well osseointegrated, with new bone covering 10-25% of the implant surface. Both treated groups had increased graft resorption compared to their respective control groups. Colloss E had no effect on new bone formation or fibrous tissue reduction around the allografted implants.Interpretation The Colloss E device improved early osseointegration of implants grafted with β-TCP granules and increased their mechanical implant fixation to the level of allografted implants. The experiment

Calcium Sulfate with Stearic Acid as an Encouraging Carrier for Reindeer Bone Protein Extract

“…The smallest quantity of bone formation was found in the group HAP/TCP/CS 30:60:10, which indicates that the bone extract was absorbed deep into the scaffold during implant preparation, and the released quantity of bone proteins was too low to induce bone formation. These results support those from previous studies that showed that the formation of new bone depends on a ceramic content with a high HAP/TCP ratio and a high dose of bone proteins [5,9]. Furthermore, this study confirms that the presence of bioactive components reduced fibrous tissue formation and increased bone formation surrounding the inorganic scaffolds [9].…”

“…Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has been shown to be a useful carrier for recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) [7,8,9]. TCP has many positive features for use in in vivo implants, such as resorption rates closely matching the course of normal cancellous bone remodeling and that it can bond directly to bone and has a primarily osteoconductive nature.…”

“…Reindeer bone protein extract is similar in composition, method of manufacture, and intended use and application to other animal-derived bone tissue extracts. The comparable products are Colloss® and Colloss® E, which are demineralized bone extracts created from bovine and equine bone, and human demineralized bone matrix (DBM) products, such as Osteoset ® DBM Pellets [8,9]. …”

An overview on bone protein extract as the new generation of demineralized bone matrix

“…A canine study demonstrated that fibrous tissue covered β-TCP implants, which hindered implant degradation and new bone formation. β-TCP in combination with BPE was protected from this phenomenon and gave a two-fold increase in mechanical implant fixation [71]. Some authors observed a synergistic effect between BPE and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), where they reported that a 3% CMC gel could act as carrier or bulking agent either in gel or lyophilized form [28,69].…”

“…Therefore, bone graft substitutes must be used and they should have good biocompatibility with the new prosthesis. Fortunately, Baas et al [71,79,95] thoroughly studied the biocompatibility of BPE for bone repair. They designed porous-coated titanium alloy implants, which they combined with different kinds of bone substitute material, and placed the implants in the lateral proximal humerus of dogs.…”