Cephalic Vein and Radial Artery Diameter in Formation of Radiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The current literature suggests that the optimal range of radial artery for maximum performance (maturation and primary patency) of RCAVF is at least 2 mm (level 2, grade a). The cephalic vein diameter of at least 2 mm (non-augmented) can result in best maturation and primary patency outcomes (level 2, grade a) and threshold below 1.5 mm is not advocated (level 2, grade b).

The Impact of Patient Demographics, Anatomy, Comorbidities, and Peri-operative Planning on the Primary Functional Maturation of Autogenous Radiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula

“…The findings appear to complement a systematic review published earlier by the authors suggesting that cephalic vein and radial artery diameter of < 1.5 mm should not be attempted as it is associated with significant primary FM failure and diameters higher than this value are highly recommended. 9 However, the lack of meta-analysis and failure to identify the best possible range for both vessels (stepwise regression) and lack of consideration of other variables (patient demographics, laterality, anaesthesia type, comorbidities) because of inconsistency of the included studies in that study created the platform for the present study. 9 Functional maturation of 66% appears to be consistent and perhaps better than some earlier reports.…”

“…9 However, the lack of meta-analysis and failure to identify the best possible range for both vessels (stepwise regression) and lack of consideration of other variables (patient demographics, laterality, anaesthesia type, comorbidities) because of inconsistency of the included studies in that study created the platform for the present study. 9 Functional maturation of 66% appears to be consistent and perhaps better than some earlier reports. 6,12 However, it appears once an appropriate size of radial artery (1.6 mm) and cephalic vein (1.5 mm) has been selected, up to 86e91% FM can be anticipated irrespective of other variables if all pre-operative planning and guidelines are judiciously adhered to.…”

Factors associated with early failure of vascular access in acute-phase patients

“…In this study, the diameters of the artery and vein were not assessed; however, our hospital creates AVF when the diameters of the artery and vein are more than 1.5 to 2 mm with mapping by ultrasonography [7,8]. As this study is from a single center, there seems to be little variability of the diameter of the artery and vein used for VA creation.…”

The Analogous Human Arm Circulatory Model of Artificial Anastomosis

“…Parameters of blood vessels are adopted from literature. [1,5,6,8]. Parameters of cephalic vein are supposed as for normal vein in both simulated cases, which corresponds with the situation shortly after operational creation of AVF.…”