Cephalic Index in Sexual Dimorphism and Racial Diversity: A Mini Review

Orish, Chinna N.

doi:10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00159

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In a term paper review by Orish C N on works by various authors, both abroad and Indian, higher values were cited for male parameters compared to female ones in an Indian study; the paper revealed that cranial index and dimensions would tend to vary with sexes. 12 In Setiya et al study, females showed a higher mean cranial index compared to males, with somewhat similar results as shown in our study. They got their mean cranial index for male and female as respectively 77.65 ± 3.34 and 78.13 ± 3.76 with a higher sample size of 140 dry human skulls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Study on Human Cranial Index with its Sex Difference from Central Kerala

2021

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Background: Cranial index, primarily used as an indicator of race had been studied by various workers in view of its morphometric difference in sex prediliction. Hence it would be useful to identify sex of an individual from skeletal remains. Similar studies from our geographic region, if at all present might be very few. Aims and Objective: Based on maximum breadth and length of skull the study aimed at whether there was any statistically significant difference in the cranial index of male and female. Materials and Methods: We used 96 dry,intact skulls preserved in the departments of Forensic Medicine and Anatomy of various Medical Colleges in Kottayam, Ernakulam, Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta districts of Kerala state, India. Skull typed as male or female by observation method was measured for its maximum breadth andlength, cranial index derived and the data was entered against corresponding serial number. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. Results: The mean percentage values of cranial index for female and male were respectively 77.68±4.53 and 73.71±4.05 with the p-value noted as 0.0001from their ranks determined by Mann- Whitney U test whichshowed statistically significant difference in cranial index of the two sexes. Literature could reveal similar results in studies conducted by other authors. Conclusion: Hence this morphometric study proved that it is valuable to include the application of cranial index in the identification procedure of skeletal remains. Further metric studies in this field are needed with a wider usage of other indices.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Study on Human Cranial Index with its Sex Difference from Central Kerala

2021

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“…Concerning gender, no significant difference could be identified between the participants from South India and North East India. This result contradicts with the previousfindings that showed sex or gender difference 1,9 .…”

Section: Not Significantcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Studies indicate the relevance of the cephalic index to identify racial, ethnic, and gender differences. Findings related to cephalic index and head shape benefits the area of forensic science and forensic anthropologyimmensely, which includes facial reconstruction of disputed identity 7 , determination 8 and classification 9 of race and sex, and identification of an anonymous individual's geographical region 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional and Gender Differences in the Cephalic Index among South Indian and North-East Indian Population

Mebin Wilson Thomas,

Santhosh Kareepadath Rajan

2021

MLU

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Background: Cephalic index has a wide range of scope in personal identification, plastic surgery, and orthodontics and in identifying the differences in race and ethnicity. The present research is an attempt to identify the difference in the cephalic index in association with region and gender in a sample of total 300 participants (South Indians, 150 and North East Indians, 150), with an equal number of males and females. Standardized spreading caliper was used to measure the head breadth and head length of each participant. Measurement of cephalic index was obtained using the equation; maximum cranial breadth/maximum cranial length multiplied by 100. Results:The baseline of the cephalic index of the participants from South India were approximated as 76.47, with a range of 71.27 to 81.67. The baseline of the participants from North East India can be approximated as 84.16, with a range of 80.34 to 87.98. The baseline indicated that participants from South India are more mesocephalic, and from North East India are more brachycephalic. Mann-Whitney U test indicated that there is a significant regional difference in the cephalic index. There is no significant gender difference. Conclusion:Generalization regarding the regional difference in cephalic index can be made by comparing the present results with the previous findings. The results contribute to forensic, anthropological, and clinical literature.

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“…CI can slightly change with growth, and the normal CI range may vary depending on patient's ethnicity. 22 CVAI 18 is usually used to classify plagiocephaly. The Children's Healthcare of Atlanta scale defines plagiocephaly as mild when the CVAI is 3.5-6.25, moderate when the CVAI is 6.25-8.75, severe when the CVAI 8.75-11, and very severe when greater than 11.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positional Skull Deformities and Neurodevelopmental Delay: Study on 449 Infants

Pinyot,

Lacambra,

Garriga

et al. 2024

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Objective: Provide data on a cross-sectional study of neurodevelopmental delays (NDD) in patients with positional skull deformities (PSD), based on severity and gender, in early childhood. Methods: Neurodevelopment of 449 patients with PSD, with an age range of 3 to 59 months, was assessed with Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI) tests during and after their cranial orthotic treatment. Data obtained were compared with the anthropometric measurements taken the same day the test was made, and results were grouped by diagnosis and severity, segmented by age group, and split by gender. Results: From 3983 patients with PSD and simple craniosynostosis, 526 accepted to participate and took a total of 1261 BDI tests. Premature patients, patients with neurological diseases or congenital malformations, and tests taken when PSD had been corrected were excluded. The resulting study group was 449 children (123 girls and 326 boys) and 972 BDI tests. Ninety-five percent of tests presented significant NDD (median value, expressed in months) in one or more BDI domains; male patients present larger NDD than do female patients; largest delays were found in brachycephaly and plagiocephaly combined (−7 mo at age range 48–59 mo), scaphocephaly (−3.5 mo at age range 12–17 mo), plagiocephaly (−3.2 mo at age range 12–17 mo). No significant NDD were found in the receptive or cognitive domains. Conclusion: When evaluating PSD, BDI tests, or similar, as well as mixed PSD classification should be considered. Patients with PSD should be monitored by a coordinated set of medical specialists.

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Cephalic Index in Sexual Dimorphism and Racial Diversity: A Mini Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Study on Human Cranial Index with its Sex Difference from Central Kerala

Study on Human Cranial Index with its Sex Difference from Central Kerala

Regional and Gender Differences in the Cephalic Index among South Indian and North-East Indian Population

Positional Skull Deformities and Neurodevelopmental Delay: Study on 449 Infants

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