Centrioles Regulate Centrosome Size by Controlling the Rate of Cnn Incorporation into the PCM

Conduit, Paul T.; Brunk, Kathrin; Dobbelaere, Jeroen; Dix, Carly I; Lucas, Eliana P.; Raff, Jordan W.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.11.011

Cited by 166 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Because multimerized Cnn is localized in very close proximity to the centrioles and diffuses from there throughout the entire PCM, this Cnn-mediated scaffold helps to anchor the PCM and thus facilitates centrosome maturation (Conduit et al, 2014). Consistently, the lack of Cnn induces mitotic defects owing to an unstable linkage between centrioles and PCM (Conduit et al, 2010;Lucas and Raff, 2007).…”

Section: Plk1 Functions In Centrosome Maturation and Spindle Formationmentioning

confidence: 61%

The role of mitotic kinases in coupling the centrosome cycle with the assembly of the mitotic spindle

Wang

Jiang

Zhang

2014

Journal of Cell Science

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The centrosome acts as the major microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) for cytoskeleton maintenance in interphase and mitotic spindle assembly in vertebrate cells. It duplicates only once per cell cycle in a highly spatiotemporally regulated manner. When the cell undergoes mitosis, the duplicated centrosomes separate to define spindle poles and monitor the assembly of the bipolar mitotic spindle for accurate chromosome separation and the maintenance of genomic stability. However, centrosome abnormalities occur frequently and often lead to monopolar or multipolar spindle formation, which results in chromosome instability and possibly tumorigenesis. A number of studies have begun to dissect the role of mitotic kinases, including NIMA-related kinases (Neks), cyclindependent kinases (CDKs), Polo-like kinases (Plks) and Aurora kinases, in regulating centrosome duplication, separation and maturation and subsequent mitotic spindle assembly during cell cycle progression. In this Commentary, we review the recent research progress on how these mitotic kinases are coordinated to couple the centrosome cycle with the cell cycle, thus ensuring bipolar mitotic spindle fidelity. Understanding this process will help to delineate the relationship between centrosomal abnormalities and spindle defects.

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Section: Plk1 Functions In Centrosome Maturation and Spindle Formationmentioning

confidence: 61%

The role of mitotic kinases in coupling the centrosome cycle with the assembly of the mitotic spindle

Wang

Jiang

Zhang

2014

Journal of Cell Science

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“…Recruitment of Cnn and Spd-2 to the PCM is, in part, mutually dependent and their functions are to some extent redundant (Conduit et al, 2010;Fu and Glover, 2012;Giansanti et al, 2008). Therefore, we examined whether Spd-2 might also be involved in COC function, similar to Cnn.…”

Section: Gscs Misorient Centrosomes and Arrest In G2 Phase Upon Depolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The centrosome orientation checkpoint is germline stem cell specific and operates prior to the spindle assembly checkpoint in Drosophila testis

Venkei

Yamashita

2015

Development

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Asymmetric cell division is utilized by a broad range of cell types to generate two daughter cells with distinct cell fates. In stem cell populations asymmetric cell division is believed to be crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis, failure of which can lead to tissue degeneration or hyperplasia/tumorigenesis. Asymmetric cell divisions also underlie cell fate diversification during development. Accordingly, the mechanisms by which asymmetric cell division is achieved have been extensively studied, although the check points that are in place to protect against potential perturbation of the process are poorly understood. Drosophila melanogaster male germline stem cells (GSCs) possess a checkpoint, termed the centrosome orientation checkpoint (COC), that monitors correct centrosome orientation with respect to the component cells of the niche to ensure asymmetric stem cell division. To our knowledge, the COC is the only checkpoint mechanism identified to date that specializes in monitoring the orientation of cell division in multicellular organisms. Here, by establishing colcemid-induced microtubule depolymerization as a sensitive assay, we examined the characteristics of COC activity and find that it functions uniquely in GSCs but not in their differentiating progeny. We show that the COC operates in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, independently of the spindle assembly checkpoint. This study may provide a framework for identifying and understanding similar mechanisms that might be in place in other asymmetrically dividing cell types.

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“…There is experimental evidence that mammalian cells swell prior to cell division 24 and that centrosomes may also change size 25 . Additionally, a correlation between cell and centrosome sizes has been demonstrated in C. Elegans 26 .…”

Section: Shapes With Two Defects: Bipolar Divisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect driven shapes in nematic droplets: analogies with cell division

et al. 2017

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Building on the striking similarity between the structure of the spindle during mitosis in living cells and nematic textures in confined liquid crystals, we use a continuum model of two-dimensional nematic liquid crystal droplets, to examine the physical aspects of cell division. The model investigates the interplay between bulk elasticity of the microtubule assembly, described as a nematic liquid crystal, and surface elasticity of the cell cortex, modelled as a bounding flexible membrane, in controlling cell shape and division. The centrosomes at the spindle poles correspond to the cores of the topological defects required to accommodate nematic order in a closed geometry. We map out the progression of both healthy bipolar and faulty multi-polar division as a function of an effective parameter that incorporates active processes and controls centrosome separation. A robust prediction, independent of energetic considerations, is that the transition from a single cell to daughters cells occurs at critical value of this parameter. Our model additionally suggests that microtubule anchoring at the cell cortex may play an important role for successful bipolar division. This can be tested experimentally by regulating microtubule anchoring.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

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Centrioles Regulate Centrosome Size by Controlling the Rate of Cnn Incorporation into the PCM

Cited by 166 publications

References 41 publications

The role of mitotic kinases in coupling the centrosome cycle with the assembly of the mitotic spindle

The role of mitotic kinases in coupling the centrosome cycle with the assembly of the mitotic spindle

The centrosome orientation checkpoint is germline stem cell specific and operates prior to the spindle assembly checkpoint in Drosophila testis

Defect driven shapes in nematic droplets: analogies with cell division

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