Centrifugation based separation of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and carbon black for lithium-ion battery recycling

Wolf, Andreas; Flegler, Andreas; Prieschl, Johannes; Stuebinger, Thomas; Witt, Wolfgang; Seiser, Felix; Vinnay, Thomas; Sinn, Tabea; Gleiß, Marco; Nirschl, H.; Mandel, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.cep.2021.108310

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The authors found that in general pyrometallurgical operations were not profitable, while direct recycling operations were. Similar results are also shown by economic comparison work from Yu et al (2021).…”

Section: Economic Comparison Of Recycling Outputssupporting

confidence: 89%

Powering battery sustainability: a review of the recent progress and evolving challenges in recycling lithium-ion batteries

Zheng¹,

Young²,

Yang³

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Resour. Manag.

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As the global consumption of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continues to accelerate, the need to advance LIB recycling technologies and create a more robust recycling infrastructure has become an important consideration to improve LIB sustainability and recover critical materials to reuse in new LIB production. Battery collection, sorting, diagnostics, and second-life usage all contribute to the LIB logistics network, and developments in each of these areas can improve the ultimate recycling and recovery rate. Recent progress in LIB recycling technology seeks to increase the amount of valuable metal compounds, electrode materials, and other LIB components that are recoverable and that can be redeployed in new LIB production or other markets. This review establishes an overview of these developments and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each major recycling technology. Of particular note are the differences in recycling technology and infrastructure requirements created by various LIB markets, as well as the techno-economic considerations for different recycling methods based on the evolving LIB formats and component compositions.

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Section: Economic Comparison Of Recycling Outputssupporting

confidence: 89%

Powering battery sustainability: a review of the recent progress and evolving challenges in recycling lithium-ion batteries

Zheng¹,

Young²,

Yang³

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Resour. Manag.

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“…50 During the process of mechanical crushing, due to the flexibility and curling characteristic of Al foil, applying mechanical force causes the Al foil to deform, which is conducive to achieve an effective physical separation from cathode materials. 51,52 On a different note, LFP as a granular compound can be effectively isolated from the curled Al foil after screening or sieving. 53 Georgi-Maschler et al used a ball mill and a disintegrator to crush SLIBs, followed by classifying and separating the ground powders adopting a vibrating screen, a drum separator, and a zigzag classifier (Figure 4a).…”

Section: Separation Of Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and Recovery of Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries for Sustainability: A Comprehensive Review

Liu,

Li,

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In the past decade, traditional fuel vehicles have gradually been replaced by electric vehicles (EVs) to help reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and the emissions of greenhouse gases, and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries stand as one of the promising batteries to power such EVs, because of their cost-effectiveness and high energy density. However, with the increasing number of EVs each year and the end-of-life of LFP batteries, proper recycling of such spent LFP (SLFP) batteries has become an unavoidable challenge. As such, the development of a green, efficient, and low-cost method to recycle SLFP batteries is of crucial importance, which will benefit the industries for manufacturing LFP batteries and EVs. To this end, we provide a review to focus on understanding the current development of recycling SLFP batteries and summarizing the current research status and technological challenges existing in recycling SLFP batteries. Specifically, we provide detailed elucidations regarding the environmental risks of such SLFP batteries, common techniques deployed for separating cathode materials, and state-of-the-art methods used for recycling cathode materials. Additionally, after a comprehensive comparison of the methodologies deployed for recycling SLFP batteries, perspectives on optimizing their deployments toward industry-scale processing are provided.

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“…Advances in the understanding of the magnetic susceptibility of the cell components will allow for more selective separation of active materials. Separation of conductive carbon from the active material will allow further flexibility in the recycling of active materials, separating the conductive additives and binders from the potentially outdated active material which may have lost the necessary structure to perform adequately [129,130].…”

Section: Advances In Science and Technology To Meet Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap for a sustainable circular economy in lithium-ion and future battery technologies

et al. 2023

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The market dynamics, and their impact on a future circular economy for lithium-ion batteries (LIB), are presented in this roadmap, with safety as an integral consideration throughout the life cycle. At the point of end-of-life, there is a range of potential options – remanufacturing, reuse and recycling. Diagnostics play a significant role in evaluating the state of health and condition of batteries, and improvements to diagnostic techniques are evaluated. At present, manual disassembly dominates end-of-life disposal, however, given the volumes of future batteries that are to be anticipated, automated approaches to the dismantling of end-of-life battery packs will be key. The first stage in recycling after the removal of the cells is the initial cell-breaking or opening step. Approaches to this are reviewed, contrasting shredding and cell disassembly as two alternative approaches. Design for recycling is one approach that could assist in easier disassembly of cells, and new approaches to cell design that could enable the circular economy of LIBs are reviewed. After disassembly, subsequent separation of the black mass is performed before further concentration of components. There are a plethora of alternative approaches for recovering materials; this roadmap sets out the future directions for a range of approaches including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, short-loop, direct, and the biological recovery of LIB materials. Furthermore, anode, lithium, electrolyte, binder and plastics recovery are considered in the range of approaches in order to maximise the proportion of materials recovered, minimise waste and point the way towards zero-waste recycling. The life-cycle implications of a circular economy are discussed considering the overall system of LIB recycling, and also directly investigating the different recycling methods. The legal and regulatory perspectives are also considered. Finally, with a view to the future, approaches for next-generation battery chemistries and recycling are evaluated, identifying gaps for research.

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Centrifugation based separation of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and carbon black for lithium-ion battery recycling

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Powering battery sustainability: a review of the recent progress and evolving challenges in recycling lithium-ion batteries

Powering battery sustainability: a review of the recent progress and evolving challenges in recycling lithium-ion batteries

Separation and Recovery of Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries for Sustainability: A Comprehensive Review

Roadmap for a sustainable circular economy in lithium-ion and future battery technologies

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