Centrifugal atomization of lanthanide materials for cryogenic coolers

Rotating disk atomization of Gd and Gd-Y for hydrogen liquefaction via magnetocaloric cooling

“…Eqn. 1 Where: d50 =mean particle diameter by mass (m) ω = angular speed(radians/sec) γ =surface energy(N/m) ρ = liquid density(kg/m 3 ) Q = liquid flow rate (m 3 /s) This formula has also been a good predictor of other pure metal rotating disk atomizations [14,15]. The liquid flow rate in this case goes from highest at the runs beginning due to metal head pressure being the greatest at the beginning and lowering as the metal drains from the crucible.…”

“…The low viscosity allows less secondary atomization of the powders which is the process of droplets deforming or further breaking up on contact with the oil or walls. be passivating in the past for this type of material [14].…”

Production of fine calcium powders by centrifugal atomization with rotating quench bath

“…Centrifugal atomization is a well-established method for the production of fine metal powders [3][4][5]. This method has been successfully used to produce various metal powders such as Sn, Pb, Al, Mg, Zn, Ti, Ni, and their alloys [4,5].…”

“…Compared with liquid or gas atomization techniques, centrifugal atomization can produce highly spherical metal powders with low impurity content, narrow particle size distributions, and high production yields [4,5]. Centrifugal atomization with a rotating disc uses centrifugal force to disintegrate a molten metal stream poured directly onto the middle of a rotating disk, cup, or wheel [3] that is spinning about a vertical axis. For rotating-disk centrifugal atomization, successful atomization can be achieved only if the molten metal forms a thin liquid film on the surface of the rotating disk [3][4][5].…”

“…Centrifugal atomization with a rotating disc uses centrifugal force to disintegrate a molten metal stream poured directly onto the middle of a rotating disk, cup, or wheel [3] that is spinning about a vertical axis. For rotating-disk centrifugal atomization, successful atomization can be achieved only if the molten metal forms a thin liquid film on the surface of the rotating disk [3][4][5]. This requires excellent wettability of the molten metal on the rotating disk so the melt will flow freely on the disk's surface [3,5].…”