Centres of Endemism in the Espinhaço Range: identifying cradles and museums of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae)

Bitencourt, Cássia; Rapini, Alessandro

doi:10.1080/14772000.2013.865681

Cited by 53 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Dated phylogenies of unrelated endemic lineages of campo rupestre suggest an ancient origin and recent radiation and diversification (Simon et al 2009;Trovó et al 2012;Bitencourt and Rapini 2013;Hughes et al 2013;Souza et al 2013;Bonatelli et al 2014), in accordance with the OCBIL theory. Time estimates of massive diversification events of these groups concentrate in lateMiocene, but range from 10 Mya to 2 Mya, suggesting continuous, recurrent events of colonisation until the early-Pleistocene.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…This lack of exclusiveness in higher taxonomic hierarchies probably relates to the discontinuity and natural fragmentation of the campo rupestre, as the older lineages come to occupy the surrounding lowland areas. In more recent lineages, however, endemics are common (Harley 1988;Bitencourt and Rapini 2013). Some taxa are extraordinarily incredibly species-rich, as can be noticed by the fact that the ten richest families account for more than 60 % of the flora and the ten richest genera for more than 22 % (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In Iron Quadrangle outcrops, the main families are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Orchidaceae, Melastomataceae, Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae and Myrtaceae (Jacobi and Carmo 2012). The hypothesis that explains high beta diversity in both southwestern Australian and Brazilian iron geosystems is that these environments represent at the same time ancient refugia and also areas of recent speciation (Rapini et al 2008;Gibson et al 2010;Bitencourt and Rapini 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, there are endemic species distributed from the Espinhaço Range to the mountains towards the centre of Brazil in Goiás (Feres et al 2009). At a more inclusive level, the Espinhaço Range is geographically divided into two major units: the northern, encompassing interior Bahia, and the southern, in Minas Gerais, a division supported by the disjunct diversification of several plant lineages (Bitencourt and Rapini 2013;Souza et al 2013;Echternacht et al 2014). Moreover, within the Espinhaço subunits, there are several smaller areas of endemism (Echternacht et al 2011b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Ecology and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre: a neglected conservation priority

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Ecology and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre: a neglected conservation priority

et al. 2015

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“…Above 900 m, particularly in the south and east, the plateau is covered by rocky fields (Campos Rupestres), an open vegetation biome associated with quartzite outcrops, rich in plant species and endemisms (e.g., [34]). It is floristically influenced by seasonally dry forests from the surrounding Caatinga but is also home of palaeomicroendemics [35] and was recently postulated as a historical refuge for fire-sensitive lineages [36]. The Bahia Costal Forest (BCF) ecoregion [37] is the largest area of climatic stability in the northern block of the Atlantic Forest [38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical Refuges with Exceptionally High Phylogenetic Diversity Reveal Contrasting Phylogenetic Structures

Pugliesi

Rapini

2015

International Journal of Biodiversity

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Loss of phylogenetic diversity (PD) has gained increasing attention in conservation biology. However, PD is not equally distributed in a phylogeny and can be better assessed when species relatedness (phylogenetic structure: PS) is also considered. Here, we investigate PD and PS in two refuges of biodiversity in northeastern Brazil: the Bahia Costal Forest (BCF) in the Atlantic Forest domain and Chapada Diamantina (CD) in the Caatinga domain. We used geographic data of 205 species at two spatial scales and a chronogram of Apocynaceae based on matK sequences to estimate PD and PS. Our results show an exceptionally high PD in both refuges, overdispersed in BCF and clustered in CD, although this difference is less evident or absent for recent relationships, especially at a smaller spatial scale. Overall, PS suggests long-term competitive exclusion under climatic stability, currently balanced by habitat filtering, in BCF, and biome conservatism and limited dispersal leading to in situ diversification and high density of microendemics in CD. The phylogenetically clustered flora in CD, also threatened by climate changes, are naturally more vulnerable than BCF. Therefore, while in situ conservation may ensure protection of biodiversity in BCF, emergency ex situ conservation is strongly recommended in CD.

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An assessment of methods to combine evolutionary history and conservation: A case study in the Brazilian campo rupestre

Pizzardo,

Nic Lughadha,

Rando

et al. 2024

Appl Plant Sci

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PremiseConservation policies typically focus on biodiversity hotspots. An alternative approach involves analyzing the evolutionary history of lineages in geographic areas along with their threat levels to guide conservation efforts. Mountains exhibit high levels of plant species richness and micro‐endemism, and biogeographic studies commonly point to recent and rapid evolutionary radiations in these areas. Using a nearly endemic clade of legumes, our study evaluates conservation prioritization approaches in the campo rupestre, a Neotropical ecosystem associated with mountaintops that is located between two biodiversity hotspots.MethodsWe compared the EDGE and EDGE2 metrics, which combine the evolutionary distinctiveness and the extinction risk of a species in a single value. These metrics are compared with traditional metrics used to assess conservation priority, such as phylogenetic diversity.ResultsThe EDGE values reported are lower than those of other studies using this metric, mostly due to the prevalence of threatened species with short phylogenetic branch lengths (low values of evolutionary distinctiveness). Certain areas of campo rupestre with relatively high phylogenetic diversity and EDGE values do not correspond to areas with high species richness, agreeing with previous studies on biodiversity hotspots.DiscussionOur study highlights the necessity of conservation of the campo rupestres as well as advantages and disadvantages of using EDGE, EDGE2, and phylogenetic diversity for appropriate selection of conservation areas with rapid evolutionary radiations. The selection of the metrics will depend primarily on the life history of the focus group and the data availability, as well as the conservation approach.

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Centres of Endemism in the Espinhaço Range: identifying cradles and museums of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae)

Cited by 53 publications

References 34 publications

Ecology and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre: a neglected conservation priority

Ecology and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre: a neglected conservation priority

Tropical Refuges with Exceptionally High Phylogenetic Diversity Reveal Contrasting Phylogenetic Structures

An assessment of methods to combine evolutionary history and conservation: A case study in the Brazilian campo rupestre

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