Centralized or Decentralized Rainwater Harvesting Systems: A Case Study

Słyś, D.; Stec, Agnieszka

doi:10.3390/resources9010005

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…While the authors are aware of the possibility of grey water being reused. or rainwater harvested [64], what was adopted ultimately was a model based on two main aspects affecting the diversification of supply, i.e., water intake and tanks. The intention was to arrive at a universal method, utilisable for assessing diversification in both urban and rural CWSSs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Assessment of Water Supply Diversification

Boryczko

Rak

2020

Resources

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The approaching prospect of obligatory implementation and pursuit of Water Safety Plans forces water companies to reflect on supplies in crisis situations that, for example, relate to the closure of a basic intake, or scarcity of water due to climates changes (droughts). Where supplies are diversified, there can be greater certainty as to the continuity of good quality supply, even in an emergency. As one of each country’s systems of critical infrastructure, the collective water supply system (CWSS) should be protected, with the diversification of supply treated as a basic tool to raise levels of security among consumers. This article, therefore, presents a method from the authors’ by which diversification may be assessed, including by reference to basic and key elements of the CWSS capable of affecting the continuity of water supply. Sample calculations using the proposed method are also presented here for selected Polish cities. In the event, as only one Polish CWSS can be assigned to the category representing excellent diversification, the suggestion is clearly that Poland’s systems must still progress with the diversification of water supply, in order to further reduce the risk of water shortages.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Assessment of Water Supply Diversification

Boryczko

Rak

2020

Resources

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“…It shows that the RHS can fulfill most of the domestic water demand and this helps to minimize the dependency on the conventional water supply. For case studies in developed countries such as Australia [25], Greece [45], United States [37], Poland [46] and Taiwan [47], the RHS is able to meet the domestic water demand between 50% and 90%, with the reported size of the storage tank ranging between 5 and 76 m 3 . For developing countries such as Bangladesh [48], Malaysia [20,29,49] and Southwestern Nigeria [50], the case studies shows that the domestic water demand that can be achieved is slightly lower than in developed countries (30% to 80%), although the reported size of the storage tank is generally higher (except for Brazil [51,52] and Colombia [53]).…”

Section: Water Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This difference of usage may be attributed to easy access to the conventional water supply, the higher average income of consumers and affordable water tariffs in developed countries [35]. Overall, the harvested rainwater from RHS is able to meet more than half of the non-potable water demand, such as toilet flushing (around 70% to 90%), laundry (between 50% and 90%) [50,63] and garden watering (57%) [46]. For potable use, the case study in Australia showed that about 91% of drinking water demand was achieved and about 91.9% of drinking and cooking water demand was achieved in Bangladesh [55,60,64].…”

Section: Water Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Roof and Pond Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Water Security: The Design, Performance and Way Forward

Zabidi

Goh

Chang

et al. 2020

Water

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Rapid urbanization, population explosion and climate change have threatened water security globally, regionally and locally. While there are many ways of addressing these problems, one of the innovative techniques is the recent employment of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) which include rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS). Therefore, this paper reviews the design and component of two types of RWHS, the namely roof harvesting system (RHS) and the pond harvesting system (PHS). The performance in terms of quantity and quality of collected rainwater and energy consumption for RWHS with different capacities were evaluated, as well as the benefits and challenges particularly in environmental, economic and social aspects. Presently, the RHS is more commonly applied but its effectiveness is limited by its small scale. The PHS is of larger scale and has greater potentials and effectiveness as an alternative water supply system. Results also indicate the many advantages of the PHS especially in terms of economics, environmental aspects and volume of water harvested. While the RHS may be suited to individual or existing buildings, the PHS has greater potentials and should be applied in newly developed urban areas with wet equatorial climate.

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“…The development of urban agglomerations has been taking place on an unprecedented scale in the last decade [1,2]. Currently, approximately 55% of the world's population lives in urban areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Stormwater Management Variants in Urban Catchments

2020

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In order to identify the most effective variants for reducing flood risk in cities and to provide protection for water resources, an in-depth study was carried out. The research results allowed for the identification of sustainable drainage infrastructure solutions that should be used to increase the efficiency of traditional drainage systems. The most effective solution turned out to be the simultaneous use of low impact development facilities and stormwater flow control devices in drainage systems (Variant IV). Applicationof this variant (maximum discharge QOmax = 246.39 dm3/s) allowed for the reduction of the peak flow by as much as 86% in relation to those values that were established in the traditional drainage system (maximum discharge QOmax = 1807.62 dm3/s). The use of Variant IV allowed for a combination of the advantages of low impact development (LID) facilities and stormwater flow control devices in drainage systems while limiting their disadvantages. In practice, the flow of rainwater from the catchment area to the drainage system was limited, the share of green areas increased, and the drainage system retention capacity grew. The proposed approach for reducing the increasing flood risk in cities and providing protection for water resources provides a structured approach to long-term urban drainage system planning and land use guidelines.

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Centralized or Decentralized Rainwater Harvesting Systems: A Case Study

Cited by 40 publications

References 56 publications

Method for Assessment of Water Supply Diversification

Method for Assessment of Water Supply Diversification

A Review of Roof and Pond Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Water Security: The Design, Performance and Way Forward

An Analysis of Stormwater Management Variants in Urban Catchments

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