Centralization or decentralization: A comparative analysis of port regulation modes

Optimizing Foreign Investment of Container Port in China

“…Chinese ports now threaten to oust Busan in Korea as the regional hub, but enhanced port competitiveness requires not simply increased port investment but also high quality port service and technology focused port operations [7]. To quantify the characteristics of port regulation modes by using port reform experiences in China, the tariff, port efficiency level, port service demand and social welfare are higher under the decentralization mode [8]. Port infrastructure investment in China also contributes to growth of the regional economies involved [9].…”

“…This paper takes operational practice into consideration and sets the value in our model is β=0.12. In the light of the survey conducted by Zheng and Negenborn (2014) and related data of the port of Shanghai in 2015, the values of the marginal operation cost and maintenance cost of terminals are θ=22.2 and τ=0.26﹩/TEU.…”

Investment Optimization on Container Capacity of Shanghai (China)

“…Chinese ports now threaten to oust Busan in Korea as the regional hub, but enhanced port competitiveness requires not simply increased port investment but also high quality port service and technology focused port operations [12]. To quantify the characteristics of port regulation modes by using port reform experiences in China, the tariff, port efficiency level, port service demand and social welfare are higher under the decentralization mode [13]. Port infrastructure investment in China also contributes to growth of the regional economies involved [14].…”

Cooperatives for fruits and vegetables in emerging countries: Rationalization and impact of decentralization

“…In a similar setting, Gupta and Loulou (1998) show that optimal channel structure decision depends on interactions between product substitutability and the level of investments required to achieve production cost reduction. Zheng and Negenborn (2014) consider information asymmetry to study centralization-decentralization in port regulation mode. Likewise, the existing studies consider competing serial supply chains to provide insights into decentralization and delegation.…”