Centrality of BAGs in Plant PCD, Stress Responses, and Host Defense

Thanthrige, Nipuni Peththa; Jain, Sachin; Bhowmik, Sudipta; Ferguson, Brett J.; Kabbage, Mehdi; Williams, Brett

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2020.04.012

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Apart from its major contribution during tissue development, PCD is also a mechanism that allows plants to prevent pathogens from reproducing and spreading to uninfected cells. During abiotic stresses PCD promotes dismantling of a limited number of affected cells to prevent severe systemic damage to the whole organism [142]. Cells undergoing PCD exhibit extensive chromatin condensation and developmental PCD can occur only in specific cell types [143].…”

Section: Retrograde Signaling In Stress Response and Acclimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrograde Signaling: Understanding the Communication between Organelles

Mielecki

Gawroński

Karpiński

2020

IJMS

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Understanding how cell organelles and compartments communicate with each other has always been an important field of knowledge widely explored by many researchers. However, despite years of investigations, one point—and perhaps the only point that many agree on—is that our knowledge about cellular-signaling pathways still requires expanding. Chloroplasts and mitochondria (because of their primary functions in energy conversion) are important cellular sensors of environmental fluctuations and feedback they provide back to the nucleus is important for acclimatory responses. Under stressful conditions, it is important to manage cellular resources more efficiently in order to maintain a proper balance between development, growth and stress responses. For example, it can be achieved through regulation of nuclear and organellar gene expression. If plants are unable to adapt to stressful conditions, they will be unable to efficiently produce energy for growth and development—and ultimately die. In this review, we show the importance of retrograde signaling in stress responses, including the induction of cell death and in organelle biogenesis. The complexity of these pathways demonstrates how challenging it is to expand the existing knowledge. However, understanding this sophisticated communication may be important to develop new strategies of how to improve adaptability of plants in rapidly changing environments.

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Section: Retrograde Signaling In Stress Response and Acclimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrograde Signaling: Understanding the Communication between Organelles

Mielecki

Gawroński

Karpiński

2020

IJMS

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“…Structural analyses have enabled the identification of the B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene (BAG) family of co-chaperones in plants, one of the core conserved regulators of PCD in animal apoptosis (Thanthrige et al, 2020). BAG genes are an evolutionarily conserved family with homologs found from yeast to animals, including plants (Froesch et al, 1998;Emanuelsson et al, 2000;Sondermann et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2002, Kabbage andDickman, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the Bcl-2 associated athanogene (BAG) gene family inPhyscomitrium patens

Castro

Saavedra

Ruibal

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) family is an evolutionarily conserved, multifunctional group of co-chaperones regulators that modulate a number of diverse processes. Plant BAG genes were identified to play an extensive role in processes of programmed cell death (PCD) ranging from growth and development to stress responses. In this study, we identified BAG genes from different photosynthetic organisms in order to gather evolutionary insights on these proteins followed by an in silico characterization of the BAG family in the bryophyte Physcomitrium patens. Ten putative PpBAGs harbouring a characteristic BAG domain were grouped into two subfamilies based on the presence of additional conserved domains and phylogenetic distances. Group I consisted of PpBAG4 and PpBAG5, containing an additional ubiquitin-like domain, and PpBAG10 with only the BAG domain. Group II consisted of PpBAG1-3 and PpBAG6-9, containing a calmodulin-binding IQ motif, a novel feature associated with plant BAG proteins. Interestingly, PpBAG9 exhibits an EF-Hand domain, not reported to date in this class of proteins. Caspase cleavage sites in PpBAG1, PpBAG3, PpBAG4-5 and PpBAG9 were predicted. In silico analysis of BAG genes revealed the presence of stress responsive elements, and a stress-regulated expression pattern which appears to be dependent on specifically organized promoter regulatory elements. According to our analyses, the present data suggest that some members of Physcomitrium patens BAG gene family may play a role in heat responses, autophagy, and pathogen immunity. Further studies are required to unveil the role of specific members of this gene family in PCD and stress responses in Physcomitrium patens.

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“…The BAG (Bcl-2 associated athanogene) family is a group of multi-functional chaperone proteins that contain a conserved BAG domain at their C-terminal [1,2,3]. The BAG proteins are evolutionarily conserved with homologs present in yeast, plants and animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S1). Overall, plant BAG proteins have roles in programmed cell death (PCD), in plants response to biotic and abiotic stresses and in development [1,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BAG2 and BAG6 Genes are Involved in Multiple Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis Thaliana

Arif

Luo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The BAG (Bcl-2 associated athanogene) family is a multi-functional group of proteins that perform functions ranges from apoptosis to environmental stress tolerance. The BAG proteins are found in yeast, plants and animals. In plants, especially in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), BAG proteins were found to play roles both in abiotic and biotic stresses tolerance including heat, cold, salt, drought, and pathogens. However, the function of Arabidopsis BAG2 remains largely unknown. Whereas BAG6 was found to play important roles in plants response to biotic stresses, it remains unknown whether BAG6 is involved in plants tolerance to abiotic stresses.Results: In this study, we have characterized functions of the Arabidopsis BAG2 and BAG6 genes. Promoter:GUS analysis results show that both BAG2 and BAG6 genes are expressed in various tissues in Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of both BAG2 and BAG6 genes is induced by salt, mannitol, and heat stress treatments and by the stress-related hormones including ABA, ethylene, and SA, while BAG6 expression is additionally induced by JA. Germination of the bag2 and bag6 single and bag2 bag6 double mutant seeds are less sensitive to ABA than that of the wild type (WT). Both bag2 and bag6 single mutant and bag2 bag6 double mutant show more survival rate than WT in drought treatment but display less survival rate on 45 ℃ heat stress experiment. Consistently, transcription levels of stress-related genes such as RD29A, RD29B and NCED3 are higher in the mutant than that in the WT. Furthermore, these mutants exhibit lower content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after drought and ABA treatment but higher ROS accumulation after heat treatment than the WT.Conclusion: These results suggest that BAG2 and BAG6 genes are negatively involved in drought stress but play a positive role in heat stress in Arabidopsis.

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Centrality of BAGs in Plant PCD, Stress Responses, and Host Defense

Cited by 35 publications

References 58 publications

Retrograde Signaling: Understanding the Communication between Organelles

Retrograde Signaling: Understanding the Communication between Organelles

Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the Bcl-2 associated athanogene (BAG) gene family inPhyscomitrium patens

The BAG2 and BAG6 Genes are Involved in Multiple Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis Thaliana

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