Centrality dependence of low-momentum direct-photon production in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>collisions at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">N</mml:mi><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>200</mml:mn><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>GeV</mml:mi></mml

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doi:10.1103/physrevc.91.064904

Cited by 140 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This is a common problem so far in the low p T direct photon measurements. nique [89]. The results for all centralities are shown in Fig.…”

Section: "Thermal" Photon Yields and Effective Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…82 One of the consequences is that the evolution of the system closely resembles to that found in hydrodynamics with the same η/s and initial spatial eccentricity [341]. [89] and the updated v2 measurement [269] with the updated fireball model implementing pseudo-critical enhancement of thermal yields [282,287]. The two curves for the yield and v2 correspond to two different parametrizations of the prompt photon component as described in the text.…”

Section: Parton-hadron-string Dynamics (Phsd)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Momentum resolution in tracking is usually much superior to energy resolution in calorimeters, so the photon energy is measured more precisely and the direction of the photon is reconstructed, too. The method is described for the case where the conversion point (radius) is assumed in [89], or explicitely known from secondary vertex reconstruction in [90]. Hadron contamination is typically very small (less than 1-5% of the sample); the main background is due to dielectrons from π 0 Dalitz-decay.…”

Section: B External and Internal Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While almost all current experiments have real photon capabilities, photons are only part of a much larger program, not the main (or single) focus, thus none of the detectors are without compromises from the point of view of direct photon measurements. 89 One consequence is larger systematic uncertainties than state-of-the-art technology would allow to achieve, i.e. less power to reject some models.…”

Section: Quo Vadis Direct Photon?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct real photons in relativistic heavy ion collisions

David

2020

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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Direct real photons are arguably the most versatile tools to study relativistic heavy ion collisions. They are produced, by various mechanisms, during the entire space-time history of the strongly interacting system. Also, being colorless, most the time they escape without further interaction, i.e. they are penetrating probes. This makes them rich in information, but hard to decypher and interpret. This review presents the experimental and theoretical developments related to direct real photons since the 1970s, with a special emphasis on the recently emerged "direct photon puzzle", the simultaneous presence of large yields and strong azimuthal asymmetries of photons in heavy ion collisions, an observation that so far eluded full and coherent explanation. CONTENTS arXiv:1907.08893v1 [nucl-ex] 21 Jul 2019 21. Hydrodynamical models 48 2. Initial state, (fast) thermalization 50 3. Transport calculations 50 4. Other ideas 52 VII. Concluding remarks 54 VIII. Acknowledgements 55 References 56 3 I. INTRODUCTIONThe centuries old quest to reveal the "ultimate" constituents of matter and the laws of Nature governing them, and the realization from quantum mechanics that mapping smaller and smaller objects requires ever larger energy probes, made high energy physics one of the dominant scientific disciplines of the XXth century. At first we took advantage of the Universe as an "accelerator" providing high energy probes (cloud chamber and emulsion experiments), but soon we started to build our own accelerators, constantly increasing their energy and luminosity. The most spectacular and best known results came in elementary particle physics, but astrophysics and nuclear physics were a close second, benefiting enormously from the progress in experimental and theoretical tools. The central question in particle physics was the substructure of hadrons and the nature of confinement, while high energy nuclear physics' foremost concern was the behavior of high density nuclear matter, including its collectivity and possible phase transition into partonic matter, which in turn evoked the early stages of the Universe. Albeit particle and nuclear physics came with different perspectives, both were concerned with the strong interaction and its underlying theory, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), so the birth of a new discipline at their intersection, relativistic heavy ion physics, was almost inevitable. From Princeton and Berkeley to Dubna the race for larger and larger ions, energies and luminosities was on. Hadrons and nuclear fragments were studied extensively, and the applicability of thermo-and hydrodynamics gradually recognized. An excellent review of these first facilities and early developments -both experimental and theoretical -can be found in [1] by Goldhaber, while a (literally) insightful account of the genesis and achievements of RHIC and LHC was given by Baym in [2].Although lepton and photon production in hadronic and nuclear collisions was studied almost since the birth of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics [3][4][...

show abstract

“…This is a common problem so far in the low p T direct photon measurements. nique [89]. The results for all centralities are shown in Fig.…”

Section: "Thermal" Photon Yields and Effective Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Parton-hadron-string Dynamics (Phsd)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: B External and Internal Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quo Vadis Direct Photon?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct real photons in relativistic heavy ion collisions

David

2020

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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“…It is believed that they are useful in quantifying macroscopic space-time evolution as well as microscopic properties of the medium. The transverse momentum spectra of photons have been used to estimate the effective medium temperature from the inverse slope parameter; T ∼ 220-240 MeV at RHIC [3,4] and T ∼ 300 MeV at LHC [5,6]. This, using the knowledge of the crossover temperature T c ∼ 160-170 MeV estimated in (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD [7,8], is considered as one of the evidences for the creation of the QGP in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prompt, pre-equilibrium, and thermal photons in relativistic nuclear collisions

Monnai

2020

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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The direct photon emission model in relativistic nuclear colliders has been improved in recent years for reducing the discrepancy between theoretical estimations and experimental data and for understanding the properties of the QCD matter. In this study, the contribution of pre-equilibrium photons are investigated in addition to those of prompt and thermal photons in the framework of a relativistic hydrodynamic model. The numerical simulations at an LHC energy suggest that the pre-equilibrium photons may be relevant at intermediate transverse momentum near the saturation momentum scale, increasing particle spectra and reducing elliptic flow of direct photons. PACS numbers: 25.75.-q, 25.75.Cj, 25.75.Ld arXiv:1907.09266v1 [nucl-th]

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Electromagnetic emissivity of hot and dense matter

2017

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The Quantum‐Chromo Dynamics (QCD) matter produced initially in ultrarelativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions is expected to represent a high temperature plasma, which should be evidenced in its electromagnetic radiation. We analyze the production of real and virtual photons from the strongly coupled Quark‐Gluon Plasma (QGP) in the initial stages of the collisions as well as the (“corona”) radiation from the interacting mesons and baryons after hadronization using the parton‐hadron‐string dynamics (PHSD) transport approach. The description of the bulk evolution in the microscopic PHSD approach has been independently controlled by abundances, spectra, and flow of final particles and is found to be in agreement with experimental observation. In this study, we provide a brief description of the relevant physics assumptions within the PHSD approach and give details on the implementation of real and virtual photon radiation in partonic and hadronic interactions and decays. Our calculations have been found to successfully describe the production of photons and dileptons in proton–proton as well as nucleus–nucleus collisions in a wide range of bombarding energies as well.

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Centrality dependence of low-momentum direct-photon production inAu+Aucollisions atsNN=200 GeV

Abstract: A. Adare, 13 S. Afanasiev, 31 C. Aidala, 40, 44, 45

Cited by 140 publications

References 41 publications

Direct real photons in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Direct real photons in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Prompt, pre-equilibrium, and thermal photons in relativistic nuclear collisions

Electromagnetic emissivity of hot and dense matter

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