Central thalamic deep brain stimulation for cognitive neuromodulation – a review of proposed mechanisms and investigational studies

Shah, Sona; Schiff, Nicholas D.

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07420.x

Cited by 62 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Synchronous activity of thalamus and sensorimotor/insular cortices could therefore also be a result of both regions receiving similar input from another brain region, or being connected via that other region. However, other studies have shown significant decreases in brain arousal associated with central thalamic injury and significant deafferentation of its neurons due to diffuse brain insults in humans (Schiff and Plum, 2000;Shah and Schiff, 2010). Furthermore, sevoflurane-induced unconsciousness has been reversed by microinjection of nicotine, a cholinergic agonist, into the rat central thalamus (Alkire et al, 2007).…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Thalamus, Brainstem and Salience Network Connectivity Changes During Propofol-Induced Sedation and Unconsciousness

et al. 2013

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In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we examined the effect of mild propofol sedation and propofol-induced unconsciousness on resting state brain connectivity, using graph analysis based on independent component analysis and a classical seed-based analysis. Contrary to previous propofol research, which mainly emphasized the importance of connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) and external control network (ECN), we focused on the salience network, thalamus, and brainstem. The importance of these brain regions in brain arousal and organization merits a more detailed examination of their connectivity response to propofol. We found that the salience network disintegrated during propofol-induced unconsciousness. The thalamus decreased connectivity with the DMN, ECN, and salience network, while increasing connectivity with sensorimotor and auditory/insular cortices. Brainstem regions disconnected from the DMN with unconsciousness, while the pontine tegmental area increased connectivity with the insulae during mild sedation. These findings illustrate that loss of consciousness is associated with a wide variety of decreases and increases of both cortical and subcortical connectivity. It furthermore stresses the necessity of also examining resting state connectivity in networks representing arousal, not only those associated with awareness.

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Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Thalamus, Brainstem and Salience Network Connectivity Changes During Propofol-Induced Sedation and Unconsciousness

et al. 2013

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“…One question, for example, is whether MD function is enhanced by enrichment in the presence of an ATN lesion. Other work has shown that low levels of thalamic stimulation can enhance conditional discrimination, which may provide additional tools for cognitive neuro-rehabilitation (Mair and Hembrook, 2008;Mair et al, 2011;Shah and Schiff, 2012). Savage and her colleagues have already produced novel evidence of recovery of function in PTD model of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Anterior thalamic nuclei lesions and recovery of function: Relevance to cognitive thalamus

Dalrymple‐Alford

Harland

Loukavenko

et al. 2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…Specifically, with DBS the patient regained the ability to follow verbal commands, purposively manipulate objects, intelligibly communicate, and orally consume food (Schiff et al 2007). Regarding possible mechanisms for these effects, Shah and Schiff (2010) suggested that the central thalamus is instrumental in the transfer of arousalrelated information to the forebrain which is critical for maintaining requisite levels of cortical activation for effective cognitive functioning. In effect, DBS of intact regions of the midline thalamus serves to 'reactivate' previously dormant regions of cortex to restore levels of consciousness necessary for purposeful behavior.…”

Section: Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Collateral projections from nucleus reuniens of thalamus to hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex in the rat: a single and double retrograde fluorescent labeling study

2011

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The nucleus reuniens (RE) of the midline thalamus has been shown to strongly innervate structures of the limbic forebrain, prominently including the hippocampus (HF) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and to exert pronounced excitatory effects on HF and mPFC. It was unknown, however, whether RE projections to, and hence actions on, the HF and mPFC originate from a common or largely separate groups of RE neurons. Using fluorescent retrograde tracing techniques, we examined the patterns of distribution of RE cells projecting to HF, to the mPFC or to both sites via axon collaterals. Specifically, injections of the retrograde tracers Fluorogold (FG) or Fluororuby (FR) were made in the mPFC and in various subfields of HF and patterns of single (FG or FR) or double labeled (FG + FR) cells in RE were determined. Pronounced numbers of (single) labeled neurons were present throughout RE with FG or FR injections, and although intermingled in RE, cells projecting to the mPFC were preferentially distributed along the midline or in the perireuniens nucleus (pRE), whereas those projecting to HF occupied a wide mediolateral cross sectional area of RE lying between cells projecting to the mPFC. Approximately, tenfold more labeled cells were present in RE with ventral compared to dorsal CA1 injections. Like single labeled neurons, double labeled cells were found throughout RE, but were most densely concentrated in areas of greatest overlap of FG+ and FR+ neurons or mainly in the lateral one-third of RE, medial to pRE. Depending on specific combinations of injections, double labeled cells ranged from approximately 3-9% of the labeled neurons. The nucleus reuniens has been shown to be a vital link in limbic subcortical-cortical communication and recent evidence indicates a direct RE involvement in hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortical-dependent behaviors. The present findings indicate that RE is critically positioned to influence the HF and mPFC, and their associated behaviors, via separate or collateral projections to these sites.

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Central thalamic deep brain stimulation for cognitive neuromodulation – a review of proposed mechanisms and investigational studies

Cited by 62 publications

References 65 publications

Thalamus, Brainstem and Salience Network Connectivity Changes During Propofol-Induced Sedation and Unconsciousness

Thalamus, Brainstem and Salience Network Connectivity Changes During Propofol-Induced Sedation and Unconsciousness

Anterior thalamic nuclei lesions and recovery of function: Relevance to cognitive thalamus

Collateral projections from nucleus reuniens of thalamus to hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex in the rat: a single and double retrograde fluorescent labeling study

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