Central role of insulin in growth and development

Martin, Roy J.; Ramsay, T.G.; Harris, Ruth B. S.

doi:10.1016/0739-7240(84)90024-9

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…This hypothesis is not supported by the hungerinducing effect of an insulin injection previously observed in different inammals (Martin et al, 1984). More recently, Chang and Lin (1995) have induced an incrcase of feed consumption by tilapia, after insulin administration by immersion.…”

Section: Insulin (Short-term Effects)mentioning

confidence: 82%

What hormones may regulate food intake in fish?

Bail

Rœuf

1997

Aquat. Living Resour.

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This is an ovcmicw of thc hormoncs which may be involved in food intake control in fish, and some hypothetical pathways of thcir action arc givcn based on mammalian knowledge. Most of the observed effects of these hormones may result from four types of mechanisms, each hormone acting by one or several as follows: (1) hormones could have a direct effect on central nervous system centres, associated with food intake behaviour or via vagal afferent neurons; (2) an indirect effect may occur via the gut which slows gastrointestinal transit, thus rcsulting in stomach distention which activates vagal afferent neurons; (3) they could have an indirect cffcct, acting dircctly on intermediary metabolism via glucose, free fatty acids or amino acids mohilization or storage; (4) the last possible pathway is an indirect effect by modifying directly or indirectly secretions of other hormones involved in food intake control. Some of thesc hormones (CCK, PYY, glucagon, adrenalin) act as short-term factors which regulate meal ingestion and are generally inhibitory factors. On thc othcr hand, other hormones (GH, TH, and leptin) require more time to modify food intake behaviour, and appcar as stored calorie rcgulators. However, the orientation of hormones to short-terin or to long-term action is not always clear as it has been noted for insulin and glucocorticoids, and may depend on the hormonal and metabolite environment.

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Section: Insulin (Short-term Effects)mentioning

confidence: 82%

What hormones may regulate food intake in fish?

Bail

Rœuf

1997

Aquat. Living Resour.

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“…Insulin is known to accelerate anabolic processes, such as the synthesis of muscular protein contributing to muscle development, and the synthesis and deposition of fat along developmental processes. Insulin is essential for the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and also affects growth through its promotion of the uptake of nutrients into body tissues as recorded by Martin et al (Martin et al, 1984) and as shown by the existence of significant correlations between insulin and glucose, TCHO, TG, AST, and TBIL. On the other hand, glucose is the favored substrate for lipogenic adipocytes in muscle, whereas acetate is preferred in subcutaneous adipocytes and as precursor of de novo fatty acid synthesis (Smith and Crouse, 1984;Gilbert et al, 2003;Ladeira et al, 2016;Bionaz et al, 2020).…”

Section: Glucose and Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet supplemented with olive cake as a model of circular economy: Metabolic and endocrine responses of beef cattle

Bionda

Lopreiato²,

Crepaldi³

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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IntroductionIntegrating by-products into livestock diet represents a great opportunity for implementing the concept of circular economy while reducing feed costs. Olive cake (OC) is considered an agro-industrial waste, but the high content of valuable metabolites makes it a promising feed integration. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of OC integration in beef cattle diet on different blood parameters.MethodsForty-eight young growing fattening Limousines-−24 bulls (body weight 350 ± 15 kg) and 24 heifers (280 ± 10 kg)—, aged 240 ± 20 days, were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: concentrate at 0% (Control group: CTR), 10% (Low-olive cake group: L-OC), or 15% (High-olive cake group: H-OC) of OC inclusion. Blood samples and body weights were collected before administrating the supplemented diet (0 d), at the end of the stocker growing phase (56 d), and at the end of the fattening (147 d). After being slaughtered, animal carcasses were weighted. A linear regression model was fitted for each blood parameter with the 0 d as covariate and diet, time, sex, diet × time, and diet × sex as fixed effects.ResultsIn males, body weight was highest in CTR, but carcass weight was similar in all the groups. All the blood parameters were within physiological ranges, independently from the animal diet. CTR group showed the highest alanine aminotransferase (ALT, P = 0.0027) and creatine kinase (P = 0.0119), whereas total bilirubin (P = 0.0023) was higher in H-OC than in CTR. Moreover, ALT was highest in CTR at 56 d, becoming similar in all the groups at 147 d (P = 0.0280). Instead, the increase observed in total cholesterol from 56 to 147 d was lower in H-OC compared with CTR and L-OC (P = 0.0451). A significant effect of diet × sex interaction was observed on triglycerides, urea, liver enzymes, and insulin. These data support the OC inclusion of up to 15% of the concentrate with no detrimental effect on beef cattle metabolic status.DiscussionIn conclusion, OC can be considered as a component in beef diet giving an opportunity to improve agriculture sustainability.

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“…Likewise, insulin is necessary to maintain rates of glucose metabolism to lipids in porcine adipose tissue cultured for 26 or 50 h (Walton and Etherton, 1986). Insulin could be expected to stimulate adipose tissue glucose metabolism during short-term incubation by increasing transport into adipocytes as well as specific steps in glycolysis and lipogenesis pathways (Martin et al, 1984). Consequently, many investigators have added exogenous insulin to incubation media when measuring glucose metabolism to CO 2 or lipid, When tested, the addition of insulin either did not increase glucose metabolism or gave a modest increase in glucose metabolism that usually was not during incubation of porcine adipose tissue to study glucose metabolism has a major influence on the quantitative response to added insulin.…”

Section: Incubation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insulin is expected to inhibit adipose tissue lipolytic activity (Martin et al, 1984), possibly because of stimulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity that would effectively diminish the intracellular concentration of cAMP, the second messenger for adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis. Insulin effects must be measured in the absence of theophylline (C. Y. Hu and H. J. observed in the presence of either albumin preparation 4 or 6 (figure 17); the two albumin preparations tended to produce slightly different quantitative results for insulin inhibition.…”

Section: Incubation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Measurements of Glucose Metabolism and Lipolytic Rates in Porcine Adipose Tissue Slices in Vitro

Mersmann

1987

Journal of Animal Science

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Porcine adipose tissue glucose metabolism and lipolytic rates have been measured for many years by numerous investigators. However, there is little or no documented indication of the effects of variation in tissue handling procedures or variations in incubation medium components on metabolic rates. We have systematically varied conditions to provide such documentation for these much used techniques. The temperature (18 to 38 C) of tissue during transport had little effect. The medium for tissue transport probably should be buffered. Use of Hepes buffer at greater than 10 or 25 mM in incubation media inhibited glucose metabolism and lipolysis. Calcium ion effects on glucose metabolism or lipolysis could not be demonstrated. Dimethyl sulfoxide should not be used routinely. Ascorbate at .56 mM did not inhibit glucose metabolism or lipolysis. Glucose metabolism was increased by glucose concentration to about 5 mM and not inhibited at higher concentrations; we recommend 10 or 20 mM glucose to ensure maximal rates. Insulin stimulated glucose metabolism but effects were slight, not related to insulin concentration and not consistently observed. Addition of some albumin preparations did not allow expression of insulin stimulation; we recommend albumin be omitted or, if included, carefully monitored. Lipolytic rates were dependent on albumin concentration, but rates were similar with all albumin preparations. Insulin markedly inhibited hormone-stimulated but not basal lipolysis. Adenosine, an inhibitor of lipolysis, did not affect glucose metabolism rates. An artificial oxygen carrier did not increase anabolic activity. Incubation in serum increased rates of glucose metabolism relative to lipolysis so that refinement of the incubation might lead to greater anabolic than catabolic rates in vitro to reflect the status of adipose tissue in growing pigs in vivo. Tissue handling and incubation conditions can markedly affect metabolic rates, and should be understood and controlled.

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Central role of insulin in growth and development

Cited by 17 publications

References 69 publications

What hormones may regulate food intake in fish?

What hormones may regulate food intake in fish?

Diet supplemented with olive cake as a model of circular economy: Metabolic and endocrine responses of beef cattle

Factors Affecting Measurements of Glucose Metabolism and Lipolytic Rates in Porcine Adipose Tissue Slices in Vitro

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