Central Retinal Artery Occlusion as Presentation of Bartonella Endocarditis

Abstract

Background/Purpose: To describe a rare ocular presentation of a systemic illness and the important lifesaving diagnosis made by a complete eye examination. Methods: The patient was evaluated with a comprehensive ophthalmic examination and followed closely in the outpatient setting with optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and color fundus photos. Results: A 66-year-old man presented with acute vision loss of the left eye. A complete eye examination revealed that he had a central retinal artery occlusion. Systemic workup revealed that he had a mitral valve vegetation and blood cultures grew Bartonella henselae. His kidney biopsy showed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, which is often seen with septic emboli. Furthermore, the patient lacked any ocular inflammatory signs. This constellation of findings was diagnostic for a thromboembolic etiology causing his central retinal artery occlusion. At follow-up, the optical coherence tomography demonstrated inner retinal hyperreflectivity and the fluorescein angiogram showed segmented flow and no neovascularization. On follow-up, the patient had a stable examination with light perception vision and completed antibiotic therapy for bartonella endocarditis. Conclusion: The detection of a fatal systemic illness was made promptly with a thorough ocular examination. We highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in making a lifesaving diagnosis.

Clinicopathological differences between Bartonella and other bacterial endocarditis-related glomerulonephritis – our experience and a pooled analysis

“…Out of the 89 cases of Bartonella IE-associated GN, five cases had no follow-up, 47 cases underwent valve replacement surgery and 38 did not. The three cases that experienced retinal artery occlusion did not recover eyesight ( 22 , 30 , 35 ). Eight patients died within six months.…”