Central regulation of motor cortex neuronal responses to forelimb nerve inputs during precision walking in the cat

Marple‐Horvat, D. E.; Armstrong, David M.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0279o.x

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The increased oscillatory activity during visually guided walking may be related to a specific effect of visual information on corticospinal activity and thus reflect an increased contribution of corticospinal activity to the muscle activity during visually guided walking. This is consistent with findings in the cat showing directly that corticospinal neurons in the primary motor cortex increase their firing rate when the cat has to use visual information to place the paw carefully or when stepping over an obstacle (Amos et al 1990;Drew 1993;Drew et al 1996;Marple-Horvat and Armstrong 1999). This is also in line with the observation that motor evoked potentials elicited by TMS of the primary motor cortex are increased during visually guided walking (Schubert et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Increased central common drive to ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles during visually guided gait

Jensen

Terkildsen

et al. 2018

Physiol Rep

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When we walk in a challenging environment, we use visual information to modify our gait and place our feet carefully on the ground. Here, we explored how central common drive to ankle muscles changes in relation to visually guided foot placement. Sixteen healthy adults aged 23 ± 5 years participated in the study. Electromyography (EMG) from the Soleus (Sol), medial Gastrocnemius (MG), and the distal and proximal ends of the Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles and electroencephalography (EEG) from Cz were recorded while subjects walked on a motorized treadmill. A visually guided walking task, where subjects received visual feedback of their foot placement on a screen in real‐time and were required to place their feet within narrow preset target areas, was compared to normal walking. There was a significant increase in the central common drive estimated by TA‐TA and Sol‐MG EMG‐EMG coherence in beta and gamma frequencies during the visually guided walking compared to normal walking. EEG‐TA EMG coherence also increased, but the group average did not reach statistical significance. The results indicate that the corticospinal tract is involved in modifying gait when visually guided placement of the foot is required. These findings are important for our basic understanding of the central control of human bipedal gait and for the design of rehabilitation interventions for gait function following central motor lesions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…; Drew ; Drew et al. ; Marple‐Horvat and Armstrong ). This is also in line with the observation that motor evoked potentials elicited by TMS of the primary motor cortex are increased during visually guided walking (Schubert et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased central common drive to ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles during visually guided gait

Jensen

Terkildsen

et al. 2018

Physiol Rep

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“…Certainly, there is abundant evidence that cutaneous afferent information modulates cortical neuronal activity (Asanuma 1981) and that, during locomotion, this afferent information is itself modulated according to the dynamics of the step cycle (Chapin and Woodward 1982;Marple-Horvat and Armstrong 1999;Palmer et al 1985). There is also evidence from experiments using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in humans that cutaneous afferent stimulation may initiate a transcortical reflex loop that participates in the production of the longer latency responses evoked by cutaneous stimulation both during quiet standing (Nielsen et al 1997;Wolfe and Hayes 1995) as well as during the swing phase of locomotion (Christensen et al 1999;Pijnappels et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Cortical Modulation of Cutaneous Reflex Responses in the Hindlimb of the Intact Cat

Bretzner

Drew

2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

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We have used the technique of spatial facilitation to examine the interactions between the signals conveyed by the corticospinal tract and those of cutaneous afferents in the hindlimb of the intact, walking cat. Microstimulation was applied to 20 cortical sites in the hindlimb representation of the motor cortex and to three different cutaneous nerves innervating the hindpaw in four cats. Conditioning stimuli to the motor cortex induced both facilitation and depression of cutaneous reflexes evoked by stimulation of nerves in the hindlimb contralateral to the cortical stimulation site. Facilitation was most frequently evoked by conditioning stimuli in the range of 10-30 ms before the cutaneous stimulation; depression was normally evoked by shorter and longer conditioning delays. Similar changes were observed after conditioning stimuli to the pyramidal tract, suggesting that the changes were independent of any changes in cortical excitability. Modulation of reflex activity varied according to the muscle under study, the cutaneous nerve used to evoke the reflex and the cortical site used to condition the reflex. Together, these results suggest that there is spatial convergence of corticospinal and cutaneous afferent activity and that this convergence is mediated by distinct subpopulations of spinal interneurons.

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“…This stride-related modulation of activity is substantially enhanced when locomotion requires accurate stepping, e.g., while negotiating barriers or walking along a horizontal ladder (Beloozerova and Sirota 1993a;Beloozerova et al 2010;Drew 1993;Marple-Horvat and Armstrong 1999;Sirota et al 2005;Widajewicz et al 1994). While a lesion to the motor cortex or its short-lasting inactivation does not disturb simple locomotion over a flat surface, it has devastating effect on complex locomotion tasks involving accurate paw positioning Sirota 1988, 1993a;Chambers and Liu 1957;Drew et al 1996;Liddell and Phillips 1944;Trendelenburg 1911).…”

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confidence: 95%

Pyramidal tract neurons receptive to different forelimb joints act differently during locomotion

Stout

Beloozerova

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

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During locomotion, motor cortical neurons projecting to the pyramidal tract (PTNs) discharge in close relation to strides. How their discharges vary based on the part of the body they influence is not well understood. We addressed this question with regard to joints of the forelimb in the cat. During simple and ladder locomotion, we compared the activity of four groups of PTNs with somatosensory receptive fields involving different forelimb joints: 1) 45 PTNs receptive to movements of shoulder, 2) 30 PTNs receptive to movements of elbow, 3) 40 PTNs receptive to movements of wrist, and 4) 30 nonresponsive PTNs. In the motor cortex, a relationship exists between the location of the source of afferent input and the target for motor output. On the basis of this relationship, we inferred the forelimb joint that a PTN influences from its somatosensory receptive field. We found that different PTNs tended to discharge differently during locomotion. During simple locomotion shoulder-related PTNs were most active during late stance/early swing, and upon transition from simple to ladder locomotion they often increased activity and stride-related modulation while reducing discharge duration. Elbow-related PTNs were most active during late swing/early stance and typically did not change activity, modulation, or discharge duration on the ladder. Wrist-related PTNs were most active during swing and upon transition to the ladder often decreased activity and increased modulation while reducing discharge duration. These data suggest that during locomotion the motor cortex uses distinct mechanisms to control the shoulder, elbow, and wrist.

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Central regulation of motor cortex neuronal responses to forelimb nerve inputs during precision walking in the cat

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Increased central common drive to ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles during visually guided gait

Increased central common drive to ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles during visually guided gait

Motor Cortical Modulation of Cutaneous Reflex Responses in the Hindlimb of the Intact Cat

Pyramidal tract neurons receptive to different forelimb joints act differently during locomotion

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