Central Projections of Spiral Ganglion Neurons

Muniak, Michael A.; Connelly, Catherine J.; Suthakar, Kirupa; Milinkeviciute, Giedre; Ayeni, Femi E.; Ryugo, David K.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3031-9_6

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…The auditory system segregates sounds of high to low frequencies along the base-to-apex length of the cochlea and projects this unidimensional frequency information via topographically restricted spiral ganglion neurons to discrete isofrequency bands within the cochlear nucleus complex 9 , generating a single inner hair cell–to–projection band topology ( Figure 1C and Figure 2A,B). Second-order neurons project an isofrequency map onto third-order neurons 141 that use time and intensity differences to extract sound direction by comparing the identical frequency of the two ears 16 to generate a sound space map 15 .…”

Section: Tonotopic Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, somatotopic maps project a topographic array of sensors to reflect the sensor distribution, density, and activity of the skin to the brain 4– 6 . Similarly, the retinotopic map projects distinct areas of the retina and the corresponding visual field as a two-dimensional (2D) map to the target brain area 7, 8 , whereas the cochlea map projects a unidimensional map of distinct frequencies to specific areas of the cochlear nuclei 9 and auditory cortex 10, 11 . Beyond primary sensory maps, central map formation underlies binocular vision and depth perception 12, 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary sensory map formations reflect unique needs and molecular cues specific to each sensory system

2019

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Interaction with the world around us requires extracting meaningful signals to guide behavior. Each of the six mammalian senses (olfaction, vision, somatosensation, hearing, balance, and taste) has a unique primary map that extracts sense-specific information. Sensory systems in the periphery and their target neurons in the central nervous system develop independently and must develop specific connections for proper sensory processing. In addition, the regulation of sensory map formation is independent of and prior to central target neuronal development in several maps. This review provides an overview of the current level of understanding of primary map formation of the six mammalian senses. Cell cycle exit, combined with incompletely understood molecules and their regulation, provides chemoaffinity-mediated primary maps that are further refined by activity. The interplay between cell cycle exit, molecular guidance, and activity-mediated refinement is the basis of dominance stripes after redundant organ transplantations in the visual and balance system. A more advanced level of understanding of primary map formation could benefit ongoing restoration attempts of impaired senses by guiding proper functional connection formations of restored sensory organs with their central nervous system targets.

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Section: Tonotopic Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary sensory map formations reflect unique needs and molecular cues specific to each sensory system

2019

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“…One defining feature of mechanosensory neurons is that their axonal projections from the body periphery terminate in an orderly topographical arrangement in discrete zones of the CNS. Different types of topographical organization are described across the diversity of mechanosensory neuron types based on features such as their responses to particular frequencies of sound (tonotopy) or their locations across the body (somatotopy) ( Appler and Goodrich, 2011 ; Erzurumlu et al, 2010 ; Muniak et al, 2015 ). Although topographical organization is thought to provide a means by which sensory neurons connect with the appropriate neural circuits in the CNS that facilitate relevant behavioral responses ( Kaas, 1997 ; Thivierge and Marcus, 2007 ), it remains unclear how sensory topography interfaces with the CNS behavioral circuitry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct subpopulations of mechanosensory chordotonal organ neurons elicit grooming of the fruit fly antennae

Hampel

Eichler

Yamada

et al. 2020

eLife

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Diverse mechanosensory neurons detect different mechanical forces that can impact animal behavior. Yet our understanding of the anatomical and physiological diversity of these neurons and the behaviors that they influence is limited. We previously discovered that grooming of the Drosophila melanogaster antennae is elicited by an antennal mechanosensory chordotonal organ, the Johnston's organ (JO) (Hampel et al., 2015). Here, we describe anatomically and physiologically distinct JO mechanosensory neuron subpopulations that each elicit antennal grooming. We show that the subpopulations project to different, discrete zones in the brain and differ in their responses to mechanical stimulation of the antennae. Although activation of each subpopulation elicits antennal grooming, distinct subpopulations also elicit the additional behaviors of wing flapping or backward locomotion. Our results provide a comprehensive description of the diversity of mechanosensory neurons in the JO, and reveal that distinct JO subpopulations can elicit both common and distinct behavioral responses.

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“…In the auditory system, cochlear sensory hair cells are connected to the brain by spiral ganglion neurons that are organized within the cochlea in an orderly fashion according to frequency, a so-called tonotopic organization, with high frequencies at the base and low frequencies at the apex [ 19 , 20 ]. The position of spiral ganglion neurons along the tonotopic axis of the cochlea correlates with the input frequency received from inner hair cells [ 19 ] ( Figure 2 A).…”

Section: Tonotopic Organization Of Auditory Neurons In the Cochleamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Aspects of the Development and Function of Auditory Neurons

Pavlínková

2020

IJMS

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This review provides an up-to-date source of information on the primary auditory neurons or spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea. These neurons transmit auditory information in the form of electric signals from sensory hair cells to the first auditory nuclei of the brain stem, the cochlear nuclei. Congenital and acquired neurosensory hearing loss affects millions of people worldwide. An increasing body of evidence suggest that the primary auditory neurons degenerate due to noise exposure and aging more readily than sensory cells, and thus, auditory neurons are a primary target for regenerative therapy. A better understanding of the development and function of these neurons is the ultimate goal for long-term maintenance, regeneration, and stem cell replacement therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the key molecular factors responsible for the function and neurogenesis of the primary auditory neurons, as well as a brief introduction to stem cell research focused on the replacement and generation of auditory neurons.

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Central Projections of Spiral Ganglion Neurons

Cited by 15 publications

References 131 publications

Primary sensory map formations reflect unique needs and molecular cues specific to each sensory system

Primary sensory map formations reflect unique needs and molecular cues specific to each sensory system

Distinct subpopulations of mechanosensory chordotonal organ neurons elicit grooming of the fruit fly antennae

Molecular Aspects of the Development and Function of Auditory Neurons

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