Central Projections of Identified, Unmyelinated (C) Afferent Fibers Innervating Mammalian Skin

Sugiura, Yasuo; Lee, CL; Perl, E. R.

doi:10.1126/science.3764416

Cited by 653 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nevertheless, these data suggest that cochlear-nucleus small cells of the subgroup examined here do not receive type I input. Such a situation is similar to the thin, unmyelinated (C) fibers of the somatosensory system, which terminate mainly in the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn, separately from the terminations of the thick myelinated fibers (Light and Perl 1979;Sugiura et al 1986). Such separate terminations imply that the thin-fiber systems have separate functional processing of their information in the central nervous system.…”

Section: Convergence Of Type II and Olivocochlear Input Onto Small Cellsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Postsynaptic Targets of Type II Auditory Nerve Fibers in the Cochlear Nucleus.

Benson

Brown

2004

JARO

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Type II auditory nerve fibers, which provide the primary afferent innervation of outer hair cells of the cochlea, project thin fibers centrally and form synapses in the cochlear nucleus. We investigated the postsynaptic targets of these synapses, which are unknown. Using serial-section electron microscopy of fibers labeled with horseradish peroxidase, we examined the border of the granule-cell lamina in mice, an area of type II termination that receives branches having swellings with complex shapes. About 70% of the swellings examined with the electron microscope formed morphological synapses, which is a much higher value than found in previous studies of type II swellings in other parts of the cochlear nucleus. The high percentage of synapses enabled a number of postsynaptic targets to be identified. Most of the targets were small dendrites. Two of these dendrites were traced to their somata of origin, which were cochlear-nucleus ''small cells'' situated at the border of the granule-cell lamina. These cells did not appear to receive any terminals containing synaptic vesicles that were large and round, indicating a lack of input from type I auditory nerve fibers. Nor did type II swellings or targets participate in the synaptic glomeruli formed by mossy terminals and the dendrites of granule cells. Other type II synapses were axosomatic and their targets were large cells, which were presumed multipolar cells and one cell with characteristics of a globular bushy cell. These large cells almost certainly receive additional input from type I auditory nerve fibers, which provide the afferent innervation of the cochlear inner hair cells. A few type II postsynaptic targets-the two small cells as well as a large dendrite-received synapses that had accompanying postsynaptic bodies, a likely marker for synapses of medial olivocochlear branches. These targets thus probably receive convergent input from type II fibers and medial olivocochlear branches. The diverse nature of the type II targets and the examples of segregated convergence of other inputs illustrates the synaptic complexity of type II input to the cochlear nucleus.

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Section: Convergence Of Type II and Olivocochlear Input Onto Small Cellsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Postsynaptic Targets of Type II Auditory Nerve Fibers in the Cochlear Nucleus.

Benson

Brown

2004

JARO

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“…neurons in the dorsal root ganglion of L4 and L5 spinal segments), and we examined the regulation of NMDA receptor activities by IL-1␤. The somas of A␦ and C fibers (small neurons with diameters Յ30 m) (48,49) in the dorsal root ganglion were recorded because the superficial spinal dorsal horn neurons, as we recorded, are known to receive inputs from A␦ and C fiber primary afferent terminals (50,51). Exogenous NMDA (50 M) was applied directly to the recorded neuron by a puffing pipette placed about 20 m away from the recorded neuron.…”

Section: Nmda Currents Recorded From Small Neurons In the Dorsal Rootmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Interleukin-1β in Neuropathic Rats Enhances Glutamate Release from the Primary Afferents in the Spinal Dorsal Horn through Coupling with Presynaptic N-Methyl-d-aspartic Acid Receptors*

Yan

严

Weng

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

106

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Background: Excessive activation of glutamate receptors is crucial to the genesis of neuropathic pain. Results: Endogenous IL-1␤ in neuropathic rats enhances glutamate release by increasing presynaptic NMDA receptor activities via sphingomyelinase signaling. Conclusion: Coupling between IL-1␤ receptors and presynaptic NMDA receptors contributes to the genesis of neuropathic pain. Significance: Interruption of such coupling could be an effective approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

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“…Superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons in the spinal cord are one such example of a highly heterogeneous neuron population (Melnick et al 2004a,b;Ruscheweyh and Sandkühler 2002;Ruscheweyh et al 2004;Yoshimura and Jessell 1989). These central neurons play important roles in processing noxious, thermal, itch, and innocuous tactile stimuli transmitted by A␦ and C-fiber primary afferents (Christensen and Perl 1970;Sugiura et al 1986;Tuckett and Wei 1987;Vallbo et al 1999). They can be divided into various categories based on their AP discharge during depolarizing current injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recording Temperature Affects the Excitability of Mouse Superficial Dorsal Horn Neurons, In Vitro

Graham

Brichta²,

Callister³

2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Graham BA, Brichta AM, Callister RJ. Recording temperature affects the excitability of mouse superficial dorsal horn neurons, in vitro. J Neurophysiol 99: 2048 -2059, 2008. First published February 20, 2008 doi:10.1152/jn.01176.2007. Superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons in laminae I-II of the spinal cord play an important role in processing noxious stimuli. These neurons represent a heterogeneous population and are divided into various categories according to their action potential (AP) discharge during depolarizing current injection. We recently developed an in vivo mouse preparation to examine functional aspects of nociceptive processing and AP discharge in SDH neurons and to extend investigation of pain mechanisms to the genetic level of analysis. Not surprisingly, some in vivo data obtained at body temperature (37°C) differed from those generated at room temperature (22°C) in spinal cord slices. In the current study we examine how temperature influences SDH neuron properties by making recordings at 22 and 32°C in transverse spinal cord slices prepared from L3-L5 segments of adult mice (C57Bl/6). Patch-clamp recordings (KCH 3 SO 4 internal) were made from visualized SDH neurons. At elevated temperature all SDH neurons had reduced input resistance and smaller, briefer APs. Resting membrane potential and AP afterhyperpolarization amplitude were temperature sensitive only in subsets of the SDH population. Notably, elevated temperature increased the prevalence of neurons that did not discharge APs during current injection. These reluctant firing neurons expressed a rapid A-type potassium current, which is enhanced at higher temperatures and thus restrains AP discharge. When compared with previously published whole cell recordings obtained in vivo (37°C) our results suggest that, on balance, in vitro data collected at elevated temperature more closely resemble data collected under in vivo conditions.

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Central Projections of Identified, Unmyelinated (C) Afferent Fibers Innervating Mammalian Skin

Cited by 653 publications

References 17 publications

Postsynaptic Targets of Type II Auditory Nerve Fibers in the Cochlear Nucleus.

Postsynaptic Targets of Type II Auditory Nerve Fibers in the Cochlear Nucleus.

Endogenous Interleukin-1β in Neuropathic Rats Enhances Glutamate Release from the Primary Afferents in the Spinal Dorsal Horn through Coupling with Presynaptic N-Methyl-d-aspartic Acid Receptors*

Recording Temperature Affects the Excitability of Mouse Superficial Dorsal Horn Neurons, In Vitro

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