Central precuneus lesions are associated with impaired executive function

Yeager, Brooke E.; Bruss, Joel; Duffau, Hugues; Herbet, Guillaume; Hwang, Kai; Tranel, Daniel; Boes, Aaron D.

doi:10.1007/s00429-022-02556-0

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Individuals experiencing loneliness exhibited heightened brain reactivity in the IPL (DMN) as well as regions within the VAN (inferior frontal gyrus and lateral occipital cortex) in response to sweet foods, indicating increased sensitivity to both internal states and external cue–induced reactivity . When viewing savory foods, individuals experiencing loneliness displayed decreased brain reactivity in the central precuneus and the dlPFC (part of the ECN) . This finding aligns with previous research pointing to compromised inhibitory control in individuals experiencing loneliness .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Social Isolation, Brain Food Cue Processing, Eating Behaviors, and Mental Health Symptoms

Zhang,

Ravichandran,

Gee

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportancePerceived social isolation is associated with negative health outcomes, including increased risk for altered eating behaviors, obesity, and psychological symptoms. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of these pathways are unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of perceived social isolation with brain reactivity to food cues, altered eating behaviors, obesity, and mental health symptoms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional, single-center study recruited healthy, premenopausal female participants from the Los Angeles, California, community from September 7, 2021, through February 27, 2023.ExposureParticipants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a food cue viewing task.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes included brain reactivity to food cues, body composition, self-reported eating behaviors (food cravings, reward-based eating, food addiction, and maladaptive eating behaviors), and mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, positive and negative affect, and psychological resilience).ResultsThe study included 93 participants (mean [SD] age, 25.38 [7.07] years). Participants with higher perceived social isolation reported higher fat mass percentage, lower diet quality, increased maladaptive eating behaviors (cravings, reward-based eating, uncontrolled eating, and food addiction), and poor mental health (anxiety, depression, and psychological resilience). In whole-brain comparisons, the higher social isolation group showed altered brain reactivity to food cues in regions of the default mode, executive control, and visual attention networks. Isolation-related neural changes in response to sweet foods correlated with various altered eating behaviors and psychological symptoms. These altered brain responses mediated the connection between social isolation and maladaptive eating behaviors (β for indirect effect, 0.111; 95% CI, 0.013-0.210; P = .03), increased body fat composition (β, −0.141; 95% CI, −0.260 to −0.021; P = .02), and diminished positive affect (β, −0.089; 95% CI, −0.188 to 0.011; P = .09).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that social isolation is associated with altered neural reactivity to food cues within specific brain regions responsible for processing internal appetite-related states and compromised executive control and attentional bias and motivation toward external food cues. These neural responses toward specific foods were associated with an increased risk for higher body fat composition, worsened maladaptive eating behaviors, and compromised mental health. These findings underscore the need for holistic mind-body–directed interventions that may mitigate the adverse health consequences of social isolation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Social Isolation, Brain Food Cue Processing, Eating Behaviors, and Mental Health Symptoms

Zhang,

Ravichandran,

Gee

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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“…The ESRD patients showed abnormal neural activity, functional connectivity, gray matter volume, and CBF in precuneus prior to cognitive impairment (Li et al., 2016; Su et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2013). The precuneus with significant NVC dysfunction located in the central precuneus, which participated in high‐level cognitive functions like executive function, visuo‐spatial imagery, episodic memory encoding, retrieval, and memory (Kernbach et al., 2018; Khan et al., 2020; Yeager et al., 2022) and reflected the abnormal functional state of DMN (Kapogiannis et al., 2013). The parahippocampal gyrus is the important component of the limbic loop for the maintenance of intact memory functions, which is particularly susceptible to severe pathological changes (Braak et al., 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscale neurovascular coupling and functional integration in end‐stage renal disease patients with cognitive impairment: A multimodal MRI study

Hu,

Gao,

Chen

et al. 2023

J of Neuroscience Research

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End‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with vascular and neuronal dysfunction, causing neurovascular coupling (NVC) dysfunction, but how NVC dysfunction acts on the mechanism of cognitive impairment in ESRD patients from local to remote is still poorly understood. We recruited 48 ESRD patients and 35 demographically matched healthy controls to scan resting‐state functional MRI and arterial spin labeling, then investigated the four types of NVC between amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF, regional homogeneity, degree centrality, and cerebral blood perfusion (CBF), and associated functional networks. Our results indicated that ESRD patients showed NVC dysfunction in global gray matter and multiple brain regions due to the mismatch between CBF and neural activity, and associated disrupted functional connectivity (FC) within sensorimotor network (SMN), visual network (VN), default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and disrupted FC between them with limbic network (LN), while increased FC between SMN and DMN. Anemia may affect the NVC of middle occipital gyrus and precuneus, and increased pulse pressure may result in disrupted FC with SMN. The NVC dysfunction of the right precuneus, middle frontal gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus and the FC between the right angular gyrus and the right anterior cingulate gyrus may reflect cognitive impairment in ESRD patients. Our study confirmed that ESRD patients may exist NVC dysfunction and disrupted functional integration in SMN, VN, DMN, SN and LN, serving as one of the mechanisms of cognitive impairment. Anemia and increased pulse pressure may be related risk factors.

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“…TMT-A is primarily used to assess psychomotor functions and processing speed requiring participants to connect encircled numbers (1–25) in sequence. 25 TMT-B is more complex and measures executive functions such as cognitive flexibility, divided attention, response monitoring, and task switching. In view of the wide variation in the mastery of the letters among Chinese, a revised version of the TMT-B in Chinese was used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Sleep Spindle Metrics, Age, Education and Executive Function in Young Adult and Middle-Aged Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Sui,

Li,

Shi

et al. 2024

NSS

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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep spindle metrics and executive function in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Furthermore, we examined the association of age and education on executive function. Patients and Methods A total of 230 (40.90 ± 8.83 years, F/M = 45/185) participants were enrolled. Overnight electroencephalogram (C3-M2) recording detected sleep spindles by a novel U-Net-type neural network that integrates temporal information with time-frequency images. Sleep spindle metrics, including frequency (Hz), overall density (events/min), fast density (events/min), slow density (events/min), duration (sec) and amplitude (µV), were measured. Executive function was assessed using standardized neuropsychological tests. Associations between sleep spindle metrics, executive function, and demographic factors were analyzed using multivariate linear regression. Results In fully adjusted linear regression models, higher overall sleep spindle density (TMT-A, B=−1.279, p=0.009; TMT-B, B=−1.813, p=0.008), fast sleep spindle density (TMT-A, B=−1.542, p=0.048; TMT-B, B=−2.187, p=0.036) and slow sleep spindle density (TMT-A, B=−1.731, p=0.037; TMT-B, B=−2.449, p=0.034) were associated with better executive function. And the sleep spindle duration both during N2 sleep time (TMT-A, B=−13.932, p=0.027; TMT-B, B=−19.001, p=0.034) and N3 sleep time (TMT-B, B=−29.916, p=0.009; Stroop-incongruous, B=−21.303, p=0.035) was independently associated with better executive function in this population. Additionally, age and education were found to be highly associated with executive function. Conclusion Specific sleep spindle metrics, higher overall density, fast density and slow density during N2 sleep time, and longer duration during N2 and N3 sleep time, are independent and sensitive indicators of better executive function in young adult and middle-aged patients with OSA. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of these findings.

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Central precuneus lesions are associated with impaired executive function

Cited by 18 publications

References 59 publications

Social Isolation, Brain Food Cue Processing, Eating Behaviors, and Mental Health Symptoms

Social Isolation, Brain Food Cue Processing, Eating Behaviors, and Mental Health Symptoms

Macroscale neurovascular coupling and functional integration in end‐stage renal disease patients with cognitive impairment: A multimodal MRI study

Associations Between Sleep Spindle Metrics, Age, Education and Executive Function in Young Adult and Middle-Aged Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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