Central pattern generation and the motor infrastructure for suck, respiration, and speech

Barlow, Steven M.; Estep, Meredith

doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.06.011

Cited by 83 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Fortunately for the human infant, the brainstem sCPG is responsive to peripheral input 21,23 and adapts to changes in the local oral environment. 30 The results from the present study demonstrate the potent effects of a motorized pacifier nipple on the development of NNS in preterm infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Thus, suck represents a complex sensorimotor behavior that can provide valuable insights into the integrity of the central nervous system. 13,21 Oral stimulation strategies have proven beneficial in developing oral feeding skills in premature infants. 14,15,22 Of particular relevance is the fact that centrally generated oromotor patterns produced by the sCPG can be entrained to an applied orocutaneous stimulus, which serves to induce synchronous patterned neural activity along trigeminal primary afferents and lemniscal pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oromotor and suck entrainment has been demonstrated in term infants through 6 months of age using a patterned orocutaneous stimulus delivered to perioral and intraoral tissues. 21,23 It logically follows that the developing neural networks active during suck pattern generation may benefit from a regimen of patterned orocutaneous stimulation. 21,24 The main purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of a new synthetic patterned orocutaneous entrainment intervention in tube-fed preterm infants on the development of NNS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,23 It logically follows that the developing neural networks active during suck pattern generation may benefit from a regimen of patterned orocutaneous stimulation. 21,24 The main purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of a new synthetic patterned orocutaneous entrainment intervention in tube-fed preterm infants on the development of NNS. A related objective was to explore the effects of this intervention on the transition to oral feed during a critical period of sCPG neurogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic orocutaneous stimulation entrains preterm infants with feeding difficulties to suck

et al. 2008

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Background: Prematurity can disrupt the development of a specialized neural circuit known as suck central pattern generator (sCPG), which often leads to poor feeding skills. The extent to which suck can be entrained using a synthetically patterned orocutaneous input to promote its development in preterm infants who lack a functional suck is unknown.Objective: To evaluate the effects of a new motorized 'pulsating' pacifier capable of entraining the sCPG in tube-fed premature infants who lack a functional suck and exhibit feeding disorders.Methods: Prospective cohort study of 31 preterm infants assigned to either the oral patterned entrainment intervention (study) or non-treated (controls) group, matched by gestational age, birth weight, oxygen supplementation history and oral feed status. Study infants received a daily regimen of orocutaneous pulse trains through a pneumatically controlled silicone pacifier concurrent with gavage feeds.Results: The patterned orocutaneous stimulus was highly effective in accelerating the development of non-nutritive suck (NNS) in preterm infants. A repeated-measure multivariate analysis of covariance revealed significant increases in minute rates for total oral compressions, NNS bursts, and NNS cycles, suck cycles per burst, and the ratiometric measure of NNS cycles as a percentage of total ororhythmic output. Moreover, study infants also manifest significantly greater success at achieving oral feeds, surpassing their control counterparts by a factor of 3.1 Â (72.8% daily oral feed versus 23.3% daily oral feed, respectively).Conclusion: Functional expression of the sCPG among preterm infants who lack an organized suck can be induced through the delivery of synthetically patterned orocutaneous pulse trains. The rapid emergence of NNS in treated infants is accompanied by a significant increase in the proportion of nutrient taken orally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic orocutaneous stimulation entrains preterm infants with feeding difficulties to suck

et al. 2008

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“…The suck central pattern generator (sCPG) is one such highly adaptive neuromotor behavior that appears susceptible to prematurity. The sCPG is regulated by a bilateral neural network of pontine interneurons in the human infant which can be modulated by central descending inputs (sensorimotor cortex) and peripheral somatosensory inputs (Barlow & Estep, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-nutritive suck parameters in preterm infants with RDS

Estep

Barlow

Vantipalli

et al. 2008

Journal of Neonatal Nursing

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Objective-To characterize the integrity of non-nutritive suck (NNS) parameters among three groups of preterm infants ranging from normal to those with progressive degrees of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Study Design-NNS compression waveforms were sampled from 55 infants in the neonatal intensive care unit using a silicone pacifier electronically instrumented for intraluminal pressure. Seven select NNS parameters were measured at two different sessions, and statistically analyzed using a General Linear Model Analysis of Covariance.Results and Conclusions-Preterm infants with a more extensive history of RDS and oxygen therapy manifest significantly (p≤0.001) degraded performance on six of the seven NNS measures. This trend was disproportionately amplified in preterm infants with moderate-to-severe RDS. Prolonged periods of RDS requiring oxygen therapy may cause maladaptive orosensory experiences, and restrict oral movements which may contribute to delayed NNS development.

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Jaw and Lips

Lieshout¹,

H.H.M.²

2015

The Handbook of Speech Production

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Central pattern generation and the motor infrastructure for suck, respiration, and speech

Cited by 83 publications

References 54 publications

Synthetic orocutaneous stimulation entrains preterm infants with feeding difficulties to suck

Synthetic orocutaneous stimulation entrains preterm infants with feeding difficulties to suck

Non-nutritive suck parameters in preterm infants with RDS

Jaw and Lips

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