Central nervous system tumours among adolescents and young adults (15–39 years) in Southern and Eastern Europe: Registration improvements reveal higher incidence rates compared to the US

Georgakis, Marios K.; Panagopoulou, Paraskevi; Papathoma, Paraskevi; Tragiannidis, Athanasios; Ryzhov, Anton; Živković-Perišić, Snežana; Taraszkiewicz, Łukasz; Šekerija, Mario; Žagar, Tina; Antunes, Luís; Zborovskaya, A.; Bastos, Joana; Florea, Margareta; Coza, Daniela; Demetriou, Anna; Agius, Domenic; Strahinja, Rajko M.; Sfakianos, George; Nikas, Ioannis; Kosmidis, Sofia; Razis, Evangelia; Pourtsidis, Apostolos; Καντζάνου, Μαρία; Dessypris, Nick; Petridou, Eleni

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2017.08.030

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The most common histologic diagnosis among all the AYA age group was glioma, with predominance of astrocytoma. This is similar to the SEE group, where the most common histologic category was astrocytoma [4]. In comparison, the SEER had pituitary gland tumors as the most common among this age group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…In a study on all brain tumors in all age groups in Jordan between 2011 and 2012, pituitary adenomas were most common in the 25-29 year-old subgroup which is among AYA [11]. Moreover, when comparing the SEER, SEE, and our data, astrocytoma comprises the highest proportion of malignant CNS tumor in the AYA age group [3,4], accounting for 44.8, 48.7, and 49.7%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…CNS tumors are less common in AYA than in older adults, but have a higher incidence than brain tumors in children (0-14 years) [3]. In comparison to other age groups, CNS tumors constitute the second most common Epidemiology of CNS tumors in AYA 327 Neuroepidemiology 2020;54:326-333 DOI: 10.1159/000505971 malignant tumor in childhood, the most common among adolescents (15-19 years), and the third most common in the special age group of AYA [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, and despite therapeutic advancements, it has been noted that the AYA age group have not experienced any major improvement in cancer-related morbidity and mortality compared to the younger and older age groups [2,3,6]. Moreover, reports on the epidemiology of CNS tumors in AYA are rather scarce compared to other age groups [4], which were extensively researched.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central Nervous System Tumors in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Epidemiological Study from Jordan

2020

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Background: The adolescent and young adult (AYA) age group lacks targeted epidemiologic studies that assess the prevalence and outcome of tumors. We aim to provide deep analysis of the epidemiology of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in AYA in Jordan. Methodology: This is a retrospective study for all CNS tumors in the AYA group patients diagnosed and managed at King Hussein Cancer Center in 2007–2016. A patient list was retrieved from the Center’s Cancer Registry, and clinicopathologic data were reviewed individually from the patients’ records. Results: A total of 370 cases of primary CNS tumors were retrieved, with a median age of 28.5 years. Males outnumbered females; 57.6 and 42.4%, respectively. Most tumors occurred in the cerebrum (62.2%, n = 230), the frontal lobe was the most commonly affected (29%). Glioma was the most common histologic category (58.9%, n = 218), with high-grade tumors, including glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma, prevailing. Embryonal tumors comprised the second most common group (16.8%, n = 62). Medulloblastoma was the prototype of embryonal tumors (91.9%; n = 57). Glioma tended to affect the older age group than embryonal tumors (p value = 0.002). On last available follow-up, 29.5% were lost to follow-up, 36% were alive, and 34.6% were deceased. The median overall survival (OS) for all tumors was 47.6 months. Embryonal tumors had a better outcome than glioma (median OS 76.3 vs. 30.3 months, respectively; p value = 0.001). Conclusions: High-grade glioma affecting the cerebrum was the most common tumor among AYA age group and was associated with a less favorable outcome compared to embryonal tumors. More research is needed to address this special age group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central Nervous System Tumors in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Epidemiological Study from Jordan

2020

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“…The causes of brain and central nervous system neoplasms are unknown, in addition to the heterogeneous group they represent [16,17]. Some risk factors have been described, including: exposure to radiation, chemical products, infection; a prior history of cancer, genetic conditions and family histories [5,18].…”

Section: Incidence In Young Adult Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer incidence and mortality trends in Metropolitan Lima young adults, 1990–2012

Luna‐Abanto¹,

Ruiz²,

Laura-Martinez³

et al. 2020

ecancer

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Aims: The purpose of this research was to calculate and compare standardised incidence and mortality ratios in young adults, based on the data published by the population-based cancer registry of Metropolitan Lima. Method: A secondary analysis was carried out on the data published by the population-based cancer registry of Metropolitan Lima in its last five volumes. Calculating the standardised incidence ratio, in accordance with the World Health Organization's standard population, was done using the direct method, and the annual percentage change was calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program. Results: From 1990 to 2012, 12,380 new cases of cancer in young adults between the ages of 20 and 49 were reported in Metropolitan Lima. The neoplasms with the highest standardised incidence ratio in the young adult male group were testicular cancer, brain and nervous system cancer, stomach cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and bowel cancer. The neoplasms with the highest standardised mortality ratio for this group were stomach cancer, brain and nervous system cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, tracheal cancer, bronchial and lung cancer and liver cancer. The neoplasms with the highest standardised incidence ratio in the young adult female group were breast cancer, cervical cancer, thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer and brain and nervous system cancer. The neoplasms with the highest standardised mortality ratio for this group were breast cancer, cervical cancer, stomach cancer, brain and nervous system cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Conclusions: Young adults represent a highly unique group, characterised by little diagnostic suspicion, distribution and aggressiveness of the neoplasms that occur in them. Assessing and reporting incidence and mortality ratios in this age group can contribute to decision making.

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Outcomes of adolescents and young adults treated for brain and skull base tumors with pencil beam scanning proton therapy

Lim

Tran

Kroeze

et al. 2020

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Background: The use of proton therapy (PT) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is becoming increasingly popular. This study aims to assess the outcomes and late toxicity consequences in AYAs (15-39 years) with brain/skull base tumors treated with pencil beam scanning proton therapy. Methods: One hundred seventy six AYAs treated curatively at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) were identified. Median age was 30 years (range 15-39) and median prescribed dose was 70.0 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) (range 50.4-76.0). The most common tumors treated were chordomas/chondrosarcomas (61.4%), followed by gliomas (15.3%), and meningiomas (14.2%). Results: After a median follow up of 66 months (range 12-236), 24 (13.6%) local only failures and one (0.6%) central nervous system (CNS) distant only failure were observed. The 6-year local control, distant progression-free survival, and overall survival were 83.2%, 97.4%, and 90.2%, respectively. The 6-year high-grade (≥grade [G] 3) PT-related late toxicity-free survival was 88.5%. Crude late toxicity rates were 26.2% G1, 37.8% G2, 12.2% G3, 0.6% G4, and 0.6% G5. The one G4 toxicity was a retinopathy and one G5 toxicity was a brainstem hemorrhage. The 6-year cumulative incidences for any late PT-related pituitary, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity were 36.3%, 18.3%, and 25.6%; whilst high-grade (≥G3) ototoxicity and neurotoxicity were 3.4% and 2.9%, respectively. No secondary malignancies were observed. The rate of unemployment was 9.5% pre-PT, increasing to 23.8% post-PT. Sixty-two percent of survivors were working whilst 12.7% were in education post-PT. Conclusions: PT is an effective treatment for brain/skull base tumors in the AYA population with a reasonable late toxicity profile. Despite good clinical outcomes, around one in four AYA survivors are unemployed after treatment.

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Central nervous system tumours among adolescents and young adults (15–39 years) in Southern and Eastern Europe: Registration improvements reveal higher incidence rates compared to the US

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Central Nervous System Tumors in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Epidemiological Study from Jordan

Central Nervous System Tumors in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Epidemiological Study from Jordan

Cancer incidence and mortality trends in Metropolitan Lima young adults, 1990–2012

Outcomes of adolescents and young adults treated for brain and skull base tumors with pencil beam scanning proton therapy

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