Central nervous system infections produced by varicella zoster virus

Nagel, Maria A.; Niemeyer, Christy S.; Bubak, Andrew N.

doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000647

Cited by 60 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Following primary infection, the VZV remains latent in cranial, dorsal root, and autonomic ganglia [ 59 ]. Iatrogenic immunosuppression and advanced age are associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity, which leads to VZV reactivation and neurological complications [ 60 ]. VZV reactivation shares many mechanisms with HSV-1 reactivation, and retrograde axonal transport within sensory neurons plays an important role [ 61 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19

Damiano

Guedes

Rocca

et al. 2021

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, much attention has been drawn to the importance of the impact of infectious disease on human cognition. Several theories have been proposed, to explain the cognitive decline following an infection as well as to understand better the pathogenesis of human dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease. This article aims to review the state of the art regarding the knowledge about the impact of acute viral infections on human cognition, laying a foundation to explore the possible cognitive decline followed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To reach this goal, we conducted a narrative review systematizing six acute viral infections as well as the current knowledge about COVID-19 and its impact on human cognition. Recent findings suggest probable short- and long-term COVID-19 impacts in cognition, even in asymptomatic individuals, which could be accounted for by direct and indirect pathways to brain dysfunction. Understanding this scenario might help clinicians and health leaders to deal better with a wave of neuropsychiatric issues that may arise following COVID-19 pandemic as well as with other acute viral infections, to alleviate the cognitive sequelae of these infections around the world.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VZV can cause miscellaneous central nervous system diseases, including as meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis and CNS vasculopathy which frequently overlap [ 60 ]. Most frequently, VZV reactivates as shingles, and the infection is limited to the peripheral nervous system, with rash resolution over a few weeks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19

Damiano

Guedes

Rocca

et al. 2021

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The neurological presentations of HSV typically involve encephalitis; however, VZV causes vasculopathy, hemorrhages and necrosis in the brain rather than inducing encephalitis. 9,10 Invasion to the central nervous system (CNS) is possible in almost all beta-coronaviruses including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The entrance of the virus into the brain has been shown in experimental murine models infected with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicella Zoster Virus Induced Acute Retinal Necrosis Following Acute Meningoencephalitis in a Patient with Presumed COVID-19

Hassanpour¹,

Khorasanizadeh²,

Ahmadieh³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: To report the coincidence of acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARN) following acute meningoencephalitis and presumed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an immunocompetent patient. Case presentation: A 58-year old female presented to our emergency department complaining of sudden unilateral visual loss following a recent hospitalization for a viral meningoencephalitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the aqueous humor, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the nasopharyngeal swab specimen, chest computed tomography (CT), and fundus photography were performed for the patient. Ophthalmic examination revealed severe ocular inflammation and yellowish patches of necrotizing retinitis in the right eye compatible with the diagnosis of ARN. The result of PCR on the aqueous humor was positive for VZV. The patient received one intravitreal ganciclovir injection and 10 days intravenous ganciclovir followed by oral acyclovir. The patient underwent COVID-19 screening tests; chest CT-scan showed the features highly suggestive for COVID-19 while the RT-PCR was negative two times. Two months later, BCVA reached 20/70 in the right eye. The anterior chamber reaction and KPs resolved and the vitreous haziness significantly decreased Conclusion: A case of VZV induced ARN following acute meningoencephalitis was observed in association with presumed COVID-19. This could be an incidental finding in the pandemic era of COVID-19; however, it could also suggest that COVID-19 might trigger ARN in cases having latent herpes family viruses.

show abstract

“…After the primary infection (chickenpox), the virus lies dormant in the nerves, including the cranial nerve ganglia, dorsal root ganglia, and autonomic ganglia. Many years after the person has recovered from chickenpox, VZV can reactivate to cause neurological conditions [ 181 ]. VZV reactivation can also cause disease of the central CNS, such as encephalitis.…”

Section: Viruses Commonly Associated With Cns Infection In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and Prion Infections Associated with Central Nervous System Syndromes in Brazil

Sousa

Santos

Paula

et al. 2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Virus-induced infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most serious problems in public health and can be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where these manifestations have been neglected. Typically, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella-zoster, and enterovirus are responsible for a high number of cases in immunocompetent hosts, whereas other herpesviruses (for example, cytomegalovirus) are the most common in immunocompromised individuals. Arboviruses have also been associated with outbreaks with a high burden of neurological disorders, such as the Zika virus epidemic in Brazil. There is a current lack of understanding in Brazil about the most common viruses involved in CNS infections. In this review, we briefly summarize the most recent studies and findings associated with the CNS, in addition to epidemiological data that provide extensive information on the circulation and diversity of the most common neuro-invasive viruses in Brazil. We also highlight important aspects of the prion-associated diseases. This review provides readers with better knowledge of virus-associated CNS infections. A deeper understanding of these infections will support the improvement of the current surveillance strategies to allow the timely monitoring of the emergence/re-emergence of neurotropic viruses.

show abstract

Central nervous system infections produced by varicella zoster virus

Cited by 60 publications

References 60 publications

Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19

Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19

Varicella Zoster Virus Induced Acute Retinal Necrosis Following Acute Meningoencephalitis in a Patient with Presumed COVID-19

Viral and Prion Infections Associated with Central Nervous System Syndromes in Brazil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About