Central Nervous System Infections

Rotschafer, John C.; Vance‐Bryan, Kyle

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-13175-4_36

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 124 publications

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“…Oromotor dysfunction could also contribute to the language impairments exhibited by individuals with FXS (Abbeduto et al 2007;Barnes et al 2006;Finestack et al 2009;Gernsbacher et al 2008;Newell et al 1983;Paul et al 1987). In support of this hypothesis, Fmr1-KO mice show altered ultrasonic vocalizations (Gholizadeh et al 2014;Rotschafer et al 2012;Roy et al 2011;Spencer et al 2011.). One brain region known to play a role in both human speech as well as mouse oromotor function is the cerebellum (Ackermann 2008; Bryant et al 2010;Fujita et al 2008;Spencer & Slocomb 2007).…”

Section: Functional Impairments In Fmr1-ko Mice May Translate To Humamentioning

confidence: 98%

Decreased home cage movement and oromotor impairments in adult Fmr1‐KO mice

Bonasera

Chaudoin

Goulding

et al. 2017

Genes Brain and Behavior

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Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a common inherited disorder that significantly impacts family and patient day-to-day living across the entire lifespan. The childhood and adolescent behavioral consequences of FXS are well-appreciated. However, there are significantly fewer studies (except those examining psychiatric comorbidities) assessing behavioral phenotypes seen in adults with FXS. Mice engineered with a genetic lesion of Fmr1 recapitulate important molecular and neuroanatomical characteristics of FXS, and provide a means to evaluate adult behavioral phenotypes associated with FXS. We give the first description of baseline behaviors including feeding, drinking, movement, and their circadian rhythms; all observed over 16 consecutive days following extensive environmental habituation in adult Fmr1-KO mutant mice. We find no genotypic changes in mouse food ingestion, feeding patterns, metabolism, or circadian patterns of movement, feeding, and drinking. After habituation, Fmr1-KO mice demonstrate significantly less daily movement during their active phase (the dark cycle). However, Fmr1-KO mice have more bouts of activity during the light cycle compared to wildtypes. In addition, Fmr1-KO mice demonstrate significantly less daily water ingestion during the circadian dark cycle, and this reduction in water intake is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of water ingested per lick. The observed water ingestion and circadian phenotypes noted in Fmr1-KO mice recapitulate known clinical aspects previously described in FXS. The finding of decreased movement in Fmr1-KO mice is novel, and suggests a dissociation between baseline and novelty-evoked activity for Fmr1-KO mice.

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Section: Functional Impairments In Fmr1-ko Mice May Translate To Humamentioning

confidence: 98%

Decreased home cage movement and oromotor impairments in adult Fmr1‐KO mice

Bonasera

Chaudoin

Goulding

et al. 2017

Genes Brain and Behavior

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Therapy for Infectious Diseases

Oliphant¹

1995

Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Optimal use of antimicrobial agents is dependent on a multitude of factors. Empiric therapy should be based on the patient's underlying disease states, the most likely organisms suspected, and susceptibility patterns. Once susceptibilities are known, therapy should be streamlined. A number of factors must be evaluated during therapy. The site of infections must be considered when choosing antimicrobial agents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) should be evaluated ; the antimicrobial agent's MIC should be at or below the breakpoint for the organism to be considered susceptible. Antimicrobial agent selection and dosing should take into consideration not only the MIC, but also the post-antibiotic effect, if applicable. Serum concentrations of antimicrobial agents should be obtained and evaluated to ensure therapeutic levels and to avoid potential toxicities. The choice of an antimicrobial agent is complicated by the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Drug-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative infections are increasing. We must attempt to control resistance by choosing appropriate antimicrobial agents and maximizing dosages. Pharmacists can play a critical role in the management of patients who receive antimicrobial agents.

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Therapy for Infectious Diseases

Oliphant¹

1997

Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Optimal use of antimicrobial agents is dependent on a multitude of factors. Empiric therapy should be based on the patient's underlying disease states, the most likely organisms suspected, and susceptibility patterns. Once susceptibilities are known, therapy should be streamlined. A number of factors must be evaluated during therapy. The site of infections must be considered when choosing antimicrobial agents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) should be evaluated; the antimicrobial agent's MIC should be at or below the breakpoint for the organism to be considered susceptible. Antimicrobial agent selec tion and dosing should take into consideration not only the MIC, but also the post-antibiotic effect, if appli cable. Serum concentrations of antimicrobial agents should be obtained and evaluated to ensure thera peutic levels and to avoid potential toxicities. The choice of an antimicrobial agent is complicated by the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Drug-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative infections are in creasing. We must attempt to control resistance by choosing appropriate antimicrobial agents and maxi mizing dosages. Pharmacists can play a critical role in the management of patients who receive antimi crobial agents.

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Central Nervous System Infections

Cited by 3 publications

References 124 publications

Decreased home cage movement and oromotor impairments in adult Fmr1‐KO mice

Decreased home cage movement and oromotor impairments in adult Fmr1‐KO mice

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Therapy for Infectious Diseases

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Therapy for Infectious Diseases

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