Central nervous system fungal infections in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Outcome of 24 recent cases and literature review

Candoni, Anna; Facchin, Gabriele; Busca, Alessandro; Lazzarotto, Davide; Cattaneo, Chiara; Nadali, Gianpaolo; Климко, Н. Н.; Principe, Maria Ilaria Del; Castagnola, Carlo; Verga, Luisa; Zannier, Maria Elena; Calore, Elisabetta; Capelli, Debora; Perruccio, Katia; Melillo, Lorella; Fanin, Renato; Pagano, Livio

doi:10.1111/ejh.13355

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…An analysis in 89 adult patients (median age, 40 years) reported that the most common presenting symptom of CNS IFD was fever (65%) followed by headache (26%) [12]. Focal neurological symptoms (e.g., aphasia, diplopia) were seen in 48%, and seizures occurred in 18%.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Mold Infections in Children with Hematological Malignancies: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

Luckowitsch

Rudolph

Bochennek

et al. 2021

JoF

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The incidence of invasive mold disease (IMD) has significantly increased over the last decades, and IMD of the central nervous system (CNS) is a particularly severe form of this infection. Solid data on the incidence of CNS IMD in the pediatric setting are lacking, in which Aspergillus spp. is the most prevalent pathogen, followed by mucorales. CNS IMD is difficult to diagnose, and although imaging tools such as magnetic resonance imaging have considerably improved, these techniques are still unspecific. As microscopy and culture have a low sensitivity, non-culture-based assays such as the detection of fungal antigens (e.g., galactomannan or beta-D-glucan) or the detection of fungal nucleic acids by molecular assays need to be validated in children with suspected CNS IMD. New and potent antifungal compounds helped to improve outcome of CNS IMD, but not all agents are approved for children and a pediatric dosage has not been established. Therefore, studies have to rapidly evaluate dosage, safety and efficacy of antifungal compounds in the pediatric setting. This review will summarize the current knowledge on diagnostic tools and on the management of CNS IMD with a focus on pediatric patients.

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Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Mold Infections in Children with Hematological Malignancies: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

Luckowitsch

Rudolph

Bochennek

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…The incidence of viral encephalitis is approximately 1.2%‐1.8% after HSCT 1,2 . Fungal encephalitis/meningitis is a rare and life‐threatening complication in patients undergoing allo‐HSCT 3 . From a literature review, the incidence of fungal encephalitis/meningitis ranges from 0.6% to 3% 4‐6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential infection of Epstein‐Barr virus and cryptococcal encephalitis after umbilical cord blood transplantation in a child with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy

Zhang

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2020

Pediatric Transplantation

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A wide range of pathogens, including viruses and fungi, can cause encephalitis/meningitis in children, especially in patients who have undergone allo-HSCT. The incidence of viral encephalitis is approximately 1.2%-1.8% after HSCT. 1,2 Fungal encephalitis/meningitis is a rare and life-threatening complication in patients undergoing allo-HSCT. 3 From a literature review, the incidence of fungal encephalitis/meningitis ranges from 0.6% to 3%. 4-6 EBV encephalitis has been described as a rare event in the post-HSCT setting. Cryptococcosis is also extremely rare in allo-HSCT recipients, with only six cases reported, including four cases in patients who have underwent UCBT. 7 Our case describes sequential infection with EBV and cryptococcal encephalitis that occurred after UCBT in a pediatric patient.

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Central Nervous System Fungal Infections in Paediatric Patients

Palacios-Reyes

Costta-Michuy

Vargas-Vazquez

et al. 2022

Curr Fungal Infect Rep

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Central nervous system fungal infections in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Outcome of 24 recent cases and literature review

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Central Nervous System Mold Infections in Children with Hematological Malignancies: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

Central Nervous System Mold Infections in Children with Hematological Malignancies: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

Sequential infection of Epstein‐Barr virus and cryptococcal encephalitis after umbilical cord blood transplantation in a child with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy

Central Nervous System Fungal Infections in Paediatric Patients

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