Central nervous system disease in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia

Grüber, Tanja A.; Zwaan, C. Michel

doi:10.1002/pbc.26782

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…CNS involvement is observed in 10–30% of children with AML. Some studies have suggested that children with AML who have CNS involvement at diagnosis have worse outcomes than those who do not [8] , [9] . For this reason, the standard of care in pediatrics is to perform a diagnostic lumbar puncture at initial diagnosis and administer intrathecal Ara-C empirically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) following intrathecal chemotherapy in a child with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Glasser

2017

Leukemia Research Reports

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Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) is a well-known complication of induction therapy for hematologic malignancies. It is characterized by rapid breakdown of malignant white blood cells (WBCs) leading to metabolic derangements and serious morbidity if left untreated. Most commonly, TLS is triggered by systemic chemotherapy, however, there have been case reports of TLS following intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy, all in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)/lymphoma. Here, we report the first case of a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who developed TLS following a single dose of IT cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) following intrathecal chemotherapy in a child with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Glasser

2017

Leukemia Research Reports

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“…On the basis that the level of involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) has been shown to have prognostic importance for ALL, the Toronto Guidelines recommend the classification used by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) as the best available measure of the extent of disease at diagnosis. The association between CNS involvement and survival for children with AML is less clear . Hence, a simplified version of the COG staging system was endorsed .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association between CNS involvement and survival for children with AML is less clear. 13 Hence, a simplified version of the COG staging system was endorsed. 6 The Toronto Guidelines also sanction the well-established Ann Arbor 14 and St Jude-Murphy 15 staging systems for children with HL and NHL, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage at diagnosis for children with blood cancers in Australia: Application of the Toronto Paediatric Cancer Stage Guidelines in a population‐based national childhood cancer registry

Youlden

Gupta

Frazier

et al. 2019

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Background Information on stage at diagnosis for childhood blood cancers is essential for surveillance but is not available on a population basis in most countries. Our aim was to apply the internationally endorsed Toronto Paediatric Cancer Stage Guidelines to children (<15 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), or non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and to assess differences in survival by stage at diagnosis. Procedure Stage was defined by extent of involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) for ALL and AML and using the Ann Arbor and St Jude‐Murphy systems for HL and NHL, respectively. The study cohort was drawn from the population‐based Australian Childhood Cancer Registry, consisting of children diagnosed with one of these four blood cancers between 2006 and 2014 with follow‐up to 2015. Five‐year observed survival was estimated from the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Stage was assigned to 2201 of 2351 eligible patients (94%), ranging from 85% for AML to 95% for ALL, HL, and NHL. Survival following ALL varied from 94% (95% CI = 93%–95%) for CNS1 disease to 89% (95% CI = 79%–94%) for CNS2 (P = 0.07), whereas for AML there was essentially no difference in survival between CNS− (77%) and CNS+ disease (78%; P = 0.94). Nearly all children with HL survived for five years. There was a trend (P = 0.04) toward worsening survival with higher stage for NHL. Conclusions These results provide the first population‐wide picture of the distribution and outcomes for childhood blood cancers in Australia by extent of disease at diagnosis and provide a baseline for future comparisons.

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“…При разрушении оболочек они инфильтрируют подлежащее мозговое вещество. Диапедезный механизм вызван повышенной проницаемостью стенок сосудов, вследствие чего циркулирующие с током крови бласты переходят из сосудистого русла в нервную ткань [5,6]. Очень редки случаи, когда в центральной нервной системе (ЦНС) возникает солидная опухоль из лейкозных клеток.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Features of Radiological Diagnosis of Hemorrhages in Foci of Brain Lesions in Oncohematological Pathology. Clinical Observation

Kozyrev¹,

Ionova²,

Sorochan³

et al. 2022

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center Clinical Bull

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The acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of abnormally differentiated, long-lived myeloid progenitor cells cause a large number of blast cells in the circulating blood and replacement of normal bone marrow with tumor cells, as well as damage to other organs and systems. Neurological disorders in AML diseases are among the secondary lesions of the nervous system. Morphologically, neuroleukemia is characterized by multifocal leukemic infiltrates and disorders of the myelination of nerve fibers. The formation of leukemic foci in the medulla leads to an increase in intracranial pressure, compression of cerebral and spinal structures, loss of functions of the affected area. In such situations, computed tomography of the brain may reveal lesions of the brain substance, leukemic infiltration of the meninges of the brain, intracranial hemorrhages, and cerebral infarctions.

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Central nervous system disease in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) involvement at diagnosis for pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) occurs in 10-30% of patients. [1][2][3][4]

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) following intrathecal chemotherapy in a child with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) following intrathecal chemotherapy in a child with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Stage at diagnosis for children with blood cancers in Australia: Application of the Toronto Paediatric Cancer Stage Guidelines in a population‐based national childhood cancer registry

Features of Radiological Diagnosis of Hemorrhages in Foci of Brain Lesions in Oncohematological Pathology. Clinical Observation

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