Central nervous system and neurodevelopmental outcomes of HIV + and HIV exposed children: A mini review of recent findings and lessons learned from the field

Fowler, Mary Glenn; Boivin, Michael J.; Familiar, Itziar; Nyangoma, Betty

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136501

Cited by 1 publication

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“…It was previously reported that 49 000 children living with HIV (CLWHIV) in Zambia do not have access to ART ( 4 ). Although access to ART has undoubtedly reduced mortality, children diagnosed with HIV tend to suffer developmental delays; they are also prone to mental health problems and poor adaptive functioning ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health and adaptive functioning among school-aged children living with HIV in Zambia

2022

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BackgroundThe number of children living with HIV (CLWHIV) has been increasing, reflected by lower mortality. However, this change is coupled with higher rates of morbidity, where CLWHIV face considerable challenges, including neurocognitive delays and mental health and behavioral functioning challenges. Despite Sub-Sahara accounting for the highest number of CLWHIV, there is still limited research on the effects of HIV on child mental health and adaptive functioning.MethodMental health and adaptive functioning were assessed in 120 children. The sample included 62 CLWHIV and 58 demographically-matched HIV-uninfected children aged 6–12 years. Mental health was assessed using the Connors, while adaptive functioning was assessed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scale (VABS).ResultsScores obtained were within average ranges for mental health (T-score 40–59) and adaptive functioning standard scores (70–115). However, CLWHIV had significantly higher mental health problems than uninfected children in executive functioning and aggressiveness (p < 0.05). CLWHIV had lower adaptive functioning scores on the VABS Communication domain although these differences were not significant. In the Daily Living Skills domain, CLWHIV had significantly higher scores than the HIV-uninfected children (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the Socialization subdomain. Furthermore, CLWHIV had significantly higher scores on the Maladaptive Behavior scales of the VABS' internalizing and externalizing subdomains.ConclusionChallenges to mental health and adaptive functioning are still pervasive among CLWHIV. These findings support the need to develop support mechanisms for CLWHIV to help address mental health and adaptive functioning problems, especially as they progress into adolescence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health and adaptive functioning among school-aged children living with HIV in Zambia

2022

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Central nervous system and neurodevelopmental outcomes of HIV + and HIV exposed children: A mini review of recent findings and lessons learned from the field

Cited by 1 publication

References 106 publications

Mental health and adaptive functioning among school-aged children living with HIV in Zambia

Mental health and adaptive functioning among school-aged children living with HIV in Zambia

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Central nervous system and neurodevelopmental outcomes of HIV + and HIV exposed children: A mini review of recent findings and lessons learned from the field

Cited by 1 publication

References 106 publications

Mental health and adaptive functioning among school-aged children living with HIV in Zambia

Mental health and adaptive functioning among school-aged children living with HIV in Zambia

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Central nervous system and neurodevelopmental outcomes of HIV + and HIV exposed children: A mini review of recent findings and lessons learned from the field