Central Iberia in the middle MIS 3. Paleoecological inferences during the period 34–40 cal kyr BP

Sala, Nohemi; Pablos, Adrián; Gómez‐Olivencia, Asier; Sanz, Alicia; Villalba, Mónica; Pantoja-Pérez, Ana; Laplana, César; Arsuaga, Juan Luís; Algaba, Milagros Fernández

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106027

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…14). Strongly arid conditions in central Iberia already prevailed prior to HS3, e.g., during HS4 as suggested by model simulations by Sepulchre et al (2007) or between 40 and 34 ka as documented by Sala et al (2020), based on faunal remains in a cave site. Considering the short time span for the formation of SU-7, the detected reddish layers that represent palaeo surfaces (PS-4 and PS-5; Figs.…”

Section: Driving Forces Of Central Iberian Loess Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Evidence for strong relations between the upper Tagus loess formation (central Iberia) and the marine atmosphere off the Iberian margin during the last glacial period

et al. 2021

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During glacial times, the North Atlantic region was affected by serious climate changes corresponding to Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles that were linked to dramatic shifts in sea temperature and moisture transfer to the continents. However, considerable efforts are still needed to understand the effects of these shifts on terrestrial environments. In this context, the Iberian Peninsula is particularly interesting because of its close proximity to the North Atlantic, although the Iberian interior lacks paleoenvironmental information so far because suitable archives are rare. Here we provide an accurate impression of the last glacial environmental developments in central Iberia based on comprehensive investigations using the upper Tagus loess record. A multi-proxy approach revealed that phases of loess formation during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 (and upper MIS 3) were linked to utmost aridity, coldness, and highest wind strengths in line with the most intense Greenland stadials also including Heinrich Events 3–1. Lack of loess deposition during the global last glacial maximum (LGM) suggests milder conditions, which agrees with less-cold sea surface temperatures (SST) off the Iberian margin. Our results demonstrate that geomorphological system behavior in central Iberia is highly sensitive to North Atlantic SST fluctuations, thus enabling us to reconstruct a detailed hydrological model in relation to marine–atmospheric circulation patterns.

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Section: Driving Forces Of Central Iberian Loess Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Evidence for strong relations between the upper Tagus loess formation (central Iberia) and the marine atmosphere off the Iberian margin during the last glacial period

et al. 2021

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“…In his seminal paper, Poelt (1963) discussed the impact of the glaciations on the lichen flora in Europe and the potential survival of species there with oceanic distributional patterns (such as most species in the P. saxatilis complex) in close proximity to glaciers. The Iberian Peninsula was characterized by a cold-adapted fauna and flora during the Pleistocene (Sala et al 2020), so that survival of species of the complex seems plausible. The Iberian Peninsula has been discussed as an important refugial area for plants (de Heredia et al 2007; Postigo-Mijarra et al 2010) and also lichen-forming fungi (Barreno 1991).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revision of species of theParmelia saxatiliscomplex in the Iberian Peninsula with the description ofP. rojoi, a new potentially relict species

et al. 2020

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The species of the Parmelia saxatilis complex occurring in the Iberian Peninsula were revised. Eight species are accepted, including a new species found in southern Spain, described as P. rojoi A. Crespo, V. J. Rico & Divakar. The new species, which forms a sister-group relationship with P. saxatilis s. str., is rare in the Iberian Peninsula and is restricted to higher altitudes of northern and central Spain. Parmelia rojoi differs from P. saxatilis by generally narrower isidia and a more fragile thallus. The segregation of the new species is also supported by ITS (rDNA) and Mcm7 (MS456) phylogeny and multispecies coalescent-based approaches, including StarBEAST and BP&P. Furthermore, the divergence of P. rojoi is dated back to the Pleistocene, c. 2.13 Ma. A key to the identification of species from the P. saxatilis complex with their diagnostic features is provided. All species of the complex known from Europe are also found in the Iberian Peninsula. We hypothesize that P. rojoi is a relict species that survived the Pleistocene glaciations in refugia in Spain and has been unable to extend its distributional range in postglacial periods.

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“…Other studies have recently pointed to arid and cold environmental conditions in central Iberia during ∼40–30 ka cal BP. They are based both on paleoecological 38 , 39 and sedimentological 40 , 41 data and provide further support to the idea that climate and environmental conditions somehow hampered the human occupation of these regions during the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

First modern human settlement recorded in the Iberian hinterland occurred during Heinrich Stadial 2 within harsh environmental conditions

Alcaraz‐Castaño

Alcolea-González

Andrés-Herrero

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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As the south-westernmost region of Europe, the Iberian Peninsula stands as a key area for understanding the process of modern human dispersal into Eurasia. However, the precise timing, ecological setting and cultural context of this process remains controversial concerning its spatiotemporal distribution within the different regions of the peninsula. While traditional models assumed that the whole Iberian hinterland was avoided by modern humans due to ecological factors until the retreat of the Last Glacial Maximum, recent research has demonstrated that hunter-gatherers entered the Iberian interior at least during Solutrean times. We provide a multi-proxy geoarchaeological, chronometric and paleoecological study on human–environment interactions based on the key site of Peña Capón (Guadalajara, Spain). Results show (1) that this site hosts the oldest modern human presence recorded to date in central Iberia, associated to pre-Solutrean cultural traditions around 26,000 years ago, and (2) that this presence occurred during Heinrich Stadial 2 within harsh environmental conditions. These findings demonstrate that this area of the Iberian hinterland was recurrently occupied regardless of climate and environmental variability, thus challenging the widely accepted hypothesis that ecological risk hampered the human settlement of the Iberian interior highlands since the first arrival of modern humans to Southwest Europe.

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Central Iberia in the middle MIS 3. Paleoecological inferences during the period 34–40 cal kyr BP

Cited by 16 publications

References 92 publications

Evidence for strong relations between the upper Tagus loess formation (central Iberia) and the marine atmosphere off the Iberian margin during the last glacial period

Evidence for strong relations between the upper Tagus loess formation (central Iberia) and the marine atmosphere off the Iberian margin during the last glacial period

A revision of species of theParmelia saxatiliscomplex in the Iberian Peninsula with the description ofP. rojoi, a new potentially relict species

First modern human settlement recorded in the Iberian hinterland occurred during Heinrich Stadial 2 within harsh environmental conditions

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Central Iberia in the middle MIS 3. Paleoecological inferences during the period 34–40 cal kyr BP

Cited by 16 publications

References 92 publications

Evidence for strong relations between the upper Tagus loess formation (central Iberia) and the marine atmosphere off the Iberian margin during the last glacial period

Evidence for strong relations between the upper Tagus loess formation (central Iberia) and the marine atmosphere off the Iberian margin during the last glacial period

A revision of species of theParmelia saxatiliscomplex in the Iberian Peninsula with the description ofP. rojoi, a new potentially relict species

First modern human settlement recorded in the Iberian hinterland occurred during Heinrich Stadial 2 within harsh environmental conditions

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Central Iberia in the middle MIS 3. Paleoecological inferences during the period 34–40 cal kyr BP