Central Hypothyroidism Impairs Heart Rate Stability and Prevents Thyroid Hormone-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Pyrexia

Herrmann, Beate; Harder, Lisbeth; Oelkrug, Rebecca; Chen, Jiesi; Gachkar, Sogol; Nock, Sebastian; Resch, Julia; Korkowski, Markus; Heuer, Heike; Mittag, Jens

doi:10.1089/thy.2019.0705

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These animals lack two transporters required for the uptake of TH into the brain, with the consequence that their brains are severely hypothyroid [60]. Despite their peripherally elevated T3 levels, these animals did not show an elevated body temperature [61], demonstrating that this classic feature of hyperthyroidism indeed requires the central actions of TH.…”

Section: Central Effects Of Thmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, to date the most striking enigma evolves around the contribution of TH on central and peripheral actions, and in particular the dose, treatment duration, and temperature dependency of both effects: Severe hyperthyroidism induced by high doses of T3 recruits BAT via increased UCP1 protein and enhance the thermogenic capacity of BAT [54,55]; however, low to moderate doses of T3 or T4 do not seem to have this effect on BAT thermogenesis [21,22]. Nevertheless, central TH actions are absolutely required to increase body temperature [61]. Consequently, further experiments aiming at dissecting central and peripheral (direct BAT) effects in a dose-and time-dependent manner are urgently required to address this conundrum.…”

Section: Why Are the Precise Contributions Of The Central And Peripheral Th Effects For Bat Thermogenesis And Body Temperature Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Ucp1 mRNA and sometimes even UCP1 protein abundance can be insufficient to describe the real thermogenesis [67]. Particularly, in the response to TH these parameters can often be discordant [22,61]. It is therefore highly recommended to provide physiological data, e.g.…”

Section: What Do Ucp1 Expression Levels and Ucp1 Protein Tell Us About The Thermogenic Capacity Of Bat?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thyroid hormones in the regulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

Sentis

Oelkrug

Mittag

2021

Endocrine Connections

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A normal thyroid status is crucial for body temperature homeostasis, as thyroid hormone regulates both heat loss and conservation as well as heat production in thermogenic tissues. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the major site of non-shivering thermogenesis and an important target of thyroid hormone action. Thyroid hormone not only regulates the tissue’s sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation by norepinephrine, but also the expression of uncoupling protein 1, the key driver of BAT thermogenesis. Vice versa, sympathetic stimulation of BAT triggers the expression of deiodinase type II, an enzyme that enhances local thyroid hormone availability and signaling. This review summarizes the current knowledge on how thyroid hormone controls BAT thermogenesis, aiming to dissect the direct actions of the hormone in BAT and its indirect actions via the central nervous system, browning of white adipose tissue or heat loss over body surfaces. Of particular relevance is the apparent dose dependency of the observed effects, as we find that minor or moderate changes in thyroid hormone levels often have different effects as compared to high pharmacological doses. Moreover, we conclude that the more recent findings require a reevaluation of older studies, as key aspects such as heat loss or central BAT activation may not have received the necessary attention during the interpretation of these early findings. Finally, we provide a list of what we believe are the most relevant questions in the field that to date are still enigmatic and require further studies.

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Section: Central Effects Of Thmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Why Are the Precise Contributions Of The Central And Peripheral Th Effects For Bat Thermogenesis And Body Temperature Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Do Ucp1 Expression Levels and Ucp1 Protein Tell Us About The Thermogenic Capacity Of Bat?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thyroid hormones in the regulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

Sentis

Oelkrug

Mittag

2021

Endocrine Connections

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“…Many studies using rodents have demonstrated the pathways that are centrally stimulated by TH to activated the autonomic control of peripheral tissues, such as liver (Klieverik et al, 2009) BAT (Sjögren et al, 2007) and heart (Herrmann et al, 2020;Mittag et al, 2010Mittag et al, , 2013. Martínez-Sanchez et al (2017) demonstrated that central T3 action, mediated by TRα1 (López et al, 2010), increased lipid oxidation in liver through the vagus nerve and thermogenesis in BAT through the sympathetic nervous system, which are mediated by central AMP-activated protein kinase activation (specifically in SF1 neurons of the ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus) (Martínez-Sánchez et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have previously demonstrated that THs centrally affect the autonomic control of peripheral tissues, such as the liver (Klieverik et al, 2009) and brown adipose tissue (Sjögren et al, 2007). Recent observations indicate that the central actions of THs contribute substantially to cardiac hypertrophy and to the stabilization of heart rate by the autonomic nervous system (Herrmann et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3,5‐Diiodothyronine protects against cardiac ischaemia–reperfusion injury in male rats

Louzada

Padrón

Neto

et al. 2021

Experimental Physiology

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The use of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) to treat metabolic diseases has been hindered by potential adverse effects on liver, lipid metabolism and cardiac electrical properties. It is recognized that 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) administration increases resting metabolic rate, prevents or treats liver steatosis in rodent models and ameliorates insulin resistance, suggesting 3,5-T2 as a potential therapeutic tool.However, a comprehensive assessment of cardiac electrical and contractile properties has not been made so far. Three-month-old Wistar rats were daily administered vehicle, 3,5-T2 or 3,5-T2+T4 and no signs of atrial or ventricular arrhythmia were detected in non-anaesthetized rats during 90 days. Cardiac function was preserved as heart rate, left ventricle diameter and shortening fraction in 3,5-T2-treated rats compared to vehicle and 3,5-T2+T4 groups. Power spectral analysis indicated an amelioration of the heart rate variability only in 3,5-T2-treated rats. An increased baroreflex sensitivity at rest was observed in both 3,5-T2-treated groups. Finally, 3,5-T2 Langendorff-perfused hearts presented a significant recovery of left ventricular function and remarkably smaller infarction area after ischaemia-reperfusion injury. In conclusion, chronic 3,5-T2 administration ameliorates tonic cardiac autonomic control

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High temperatures on mental health: Recognizing the association and the need for proactive strategies—A perspective

Rony,

Alamgir

2023

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimsThe influence of temperature on various aspects of daily life is often underestimated, and its effects on mental health are not widely recognized. Understanding and addressing the relationship between temperature and mental well‐being is crucial in the context of climate change and rising global temperatures. This perspective aimed to investigate the effects of high temperatures on mental health and identify proactive strategies to mitigate these effects.MethodsThis perspective adopted a twofold approach, including a comprehensive literature review and socioecological framework. The literature review involved extensive searches across Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus to identify relevant, peer‐reviewed articles, and reports from diverse disciplines.ResultsThe perspective emphasized the significance of recognizing heat stress and its consequences on mental well‐being. Chronic heat stress can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Vulnerable populations include, the very young, older adults, and individuals with pre‐existing mental health conditions. Socioeconomic factors can further exacerbate vulnerability, highlighting the need for tailored strategies to manage mental health challenges during high temperatures. Additionally, the article identified and discussed proactive coping strategies to minimize both the psychological and physical impacts of heat stress. Mindfulness, stress management techniques, and therapy are suggested as effective means for individuals to manage psychological distress.ConclusionImplementing preventive measures are essential steps in promoting mental wellness in high temperatures. Proactive strategies by addressing the physiological and psychological effects of heat and considering the specific needs of vulnerable populations can help individuals and communities navigate the challenges posed by rising temperatures and promote resilience and preserve their mental well‐being.

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Central Hypothyroidism Impairs Heart Rate Stability and Prevents Thyroid Hormone-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Pyrexia

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Thyroid hormones in the regulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

Thyroid hormones in the regulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

3,5‐Diiodothyronine protects against cardiac ischaemia–reperfusion injury in male rats

High temperatures on mental health: Recognizing the association and the need for proactive strategies—A perspective

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