Central distribution of efferent and afferent components of the pudendal nerve in rat

Ueyama, Teizo; Arakawa, Hisao; Mizuno, Noboru

doi:10.1007/bf00325288

Cited by 129 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 86 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the development of the SNB has been most intensively studied in rats, a similar sex difference (male > female) in the number of perineal motoneurons is seen in many mammals, including mice, gerbils, dogs, hyenas, monkeys, and humans (Forger and Breedlove, 1986;Wee et al, 1987;Ueyama et al, 1987;Ulibarri et al, 1995;Forger et al, 1996). In those cases in which it has been examined, these sex differences in other mammals also depend on differential exposure to androgens in males and females during development.…”

Section: Motoneuron Death and The Establishment Of Snb Cell Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus: Firsts in androgen-dependent neural sex differences

Sengelaub

Forger

2008

Hormones and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cell number in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) of rats was the first neural sex difference shown to differentiate under the control of androgens, acting via classical intracellular androgen receptors. SNB motoneurons reside in the lumbar spinal cord and innervate striated muscles involved in copulation, including the bulbocavernosus (BC) and levator ani (LA). SNB cells are much larger and more numerous in males than in females, and the BC/LA target muscles are reduced or absent in females. The relative simplicity of this neuromuscular system has allowed for considerable progress in pinpointing sites of hormone action, and identifying the cellular bases for androgenic effects. It is now clear that androgens act at virtually every level of the SNB system, in development and throughout adult life. In this review we focus on effects of androgens on developmental cell death of SNB motoneurons and BC/LA muscles; the establishment and maintenance of SNB motoneuron soma size and dendritic length; BC/LA muscle morphology and physiology; and behaviors controlled by the SNB system. We also describe new data on neurotherapeutic effects of androgens on SNB motoneurons after injury in adulthood.

show abstract

Section: Motoneuron Death and The Establishment Of Snb Cell Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SNB in mature females, who lack or have greatly reduced perineal musculature (Hayes, 1965;Čihák et al, 1970;Tobin and Joubert, 1991), is comprised of only approximately 60 motoneurons, innervating primarily the external anal sphincter (McKenna and Nadelhaft, 1986;Ueyama et al, 1987). …”

Section: Motoneuron Death and The Establishment Of Snb Cell Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus: Firsts in androgen-dependent neural sex differences

Sengelaub

Forger

2008

Hormones and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…5,6 Our previous studies suggested that the greater density of descending serotonergic and noradrenergic projections, elicited by the neuroprotective effects of the cellular grafts transplanted into a contusion lesion site, ameliorates of the dyssynergia between the bladder and the urethral sphincter 2-4 by providing some descending control over spinal nuclei and greater descending control over sensory transmission in the DH. [9][10][11][12] The density of bladder afferent projections, that is, CGRP-positive fibers in the DH, is increased after severe SCI [13][14][15] and this has been implicated in detrusor overactivity that develops following SCI. [2][3][4] Bladder afferents in the lumbosacral spinal cord also project to the DH, SPN and dorsal commissure in the lumbosacral spinal cord, 16,17 which was induced by disruption of the descending projections.…”

Section: Normalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower urinary tract function in spinal cord-injured rats: midthoracic contusion versus transection

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: To compare changes in lower urinary tract (LUT) function with modifications in pathways that regulate LUT function using two different animal models (incomplete and complete) of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. SCI was made at Th8/9 by a contusion injury (contusion, n ¼ 9) or a complete transection (transection, n ¼ 9). Unoperated rats were used as normal controls (normal, n ¼ 6). LUT function was evaluated by micturition behavior in metabolic cages for 24 h and cystometry in awake animals. Immunocytochemical staining at the L6 spinal cord, spinal areas associated with LUT, was performed to identify descending modulatory fibers and dorsal root afferents that project to the L6 spinal cord. Results: Volume/micturition in metabolic cages gradually increased in both contusion and transection groups compared with normals, and operated groups did not differ from each other. Urodynamic parameters from cystometry were significantly different in contusion and transection groups compared with normals, but again there was no significant difference between contusion and transection groups. Immunocytochemical analyses at the L6 spinal cord showed no serotonergic or noradrenergic fibers in transection group, but some descending fibers remained in contusion group, indicating sparing. Small dorsal root afferents were denser in both contusion and transection groups than in normals, indicating sprouting. Conclusions: Although differences were not found in LUT function in operated animals, supraspinal and dorsal root projections to the L6 spinal cord responded differently to contusion and transection. This suggests that the benefits of pharmacologic treatments may be different in two lesion models. Spinal Cord (2014) 52, 658-661; doi:10.1038/sc.2014.114; published online 15 July 2014 INTRODUCTION Spinal cord injury (SCI) is classified clinically into complete injuries,where function below the level of a injury is lost, and incomplete injuries where some sensory and/or motor function is retained. Nevertheless, it is known that some descending pathways are spared in many cases of clinically complete injuries. 1 Lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction in SCI results from damage to descending modulatory pathways and increased sensory input through sprouting of primary afferent pathways. A contusion injury that we use destroys the dorsal spinal cord in the thoracic region, including the dorsal columns, the corticospinal tract and the dorsolateral (DL) funiculus, damages the dorsal horn (DH) and impinges on the intermediolateral column. 2-4 Thus, the ventral funiculi and the ventral portions of the lateral funiculi, which contain descending modulatory pathways, were partially spared in contusion injuries, but not in transection injuries.Serotonergic axons project to the DL nucleus in the spinal cord, which has been implicated in the central control of the bladder and the urethra and recovery of bladder-external urethral sphincter coordination in SCI rats. 5,6 Brainstem-spinal noradrenerg...

show abstract

“…That robust sustained bladder contractions could not be evoked in the acute SCT cat indicated this low frequency pudendo-vesicle reflex is associated with the Aδ afferent fiber mediated spino-bulbo-spinal micturition reflex (Barrington, 1931. In cats, this supraspinal micturition reflex loop involves an initial convergence of pudendal and pelvic afferents in the sacral spinal column (de Groat, 2006, Thor, et al, 1989, Ueyama, et al, 1987, an ascending projection to the pontine micturition center (Blok, et al, 1995), and a descending projection terminating in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) (Holstege and Mouton, 2003). As a consequence of the loss of these connections, limited bladder responses are evoked by low frequency pudendal nerve trunk stimulation in the SCI cat and in persons with chronic SCI (Gustafson, et al, 2004.…”

Section: Sustained Bladder Contractions Evoked By Pudendal Afferentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bladder activation by selective stimulation of pudendal nerve afferents in the cat

Yoo

Woock

Grill

2008

Experimental Neurology

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bladder contractions evoked by pudendal nerve stimulation in both spinal intact and spinal transected cats support the possibility of restoring urinary function in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). However, electrically evoked bladder responses in persons with SCI were limited to transient contractions at relatively low pressures. This prompted the present study, which presents a detailed quantification of the responses evoked by selective stimulation of individual branches of the pudendal nerve at different stimulation frequencies. In spinal intact cats anesthetized with α-chloralose, selective frequency dependent electrical activation of the sensory (2 Hz ≤ f ≤ 50 Hz), cranial sensory (f ≤ 5 Hz), dorsal genital (f ≥ 20 Hz) and rectal perineal (f ≤ 10 Hz) branches of the pudendal nerve evoked sustained bladder contractions dependent on the stimulation frequency. Contractions evoked by selective electrical stimulation resulted in significant increases in voiding efficiency compared to bladder emptying by distension evoked contractions (p ANOVA < 0.05). Acute spinal transection abolished reflex bladder contractions evoked by low frequency stimulation of the cranial sensory or rectal perineal branches, whereas contractions evoked by high frequency stimulation of the dorsal genital branch remained intact. This study presents evidence for two distinct micturition pathways (spino-bulbo-spinal vs. spinal reflexes) activated by selective afferent pudendal nerve stimulation, the latter of which may be applied to restore bladder function in persons with SCI. Keywords electrical stimulation; cranial sensory nerve; deep perineal branch; lower urinary tract physiology; external urethral sphincter; spinal cord injury; pudendo-pudendal reflex; spinal-bulbo-spinal; prostatic urethra; dorsal nerve of penis

show abstract

Central distribution of efferent and afferent components of the pudendal nerve in rat

Cited by 129 publications

References 86 publications

The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus: Firsts in androgen-dependent neural sex differences

The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus: Firsts in androgen-dependent neural sex differences

Lower urinary tract function in spinal cord-injured rats: midthoracic contusion versus transection

Bladder activation by selective stimulation of pudendal nerve afferents in the cat

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About