Central control of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation

Hornby, Pamela J.; Abrahams, T.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00345-9

Cited by 90 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…4,33,34 Achalasia is known to result from degeneration of these inhibitory neurones, which are mostly nitrinergics. [35][36][37] In this study, we examined whether degeneration of inhibitory neurones, mostly nitrinergic, may be associated with polymorhism in NOS gene. NOS gene have several polymorphisms such as 27-bp VNTR polymorphism of eNOS, a biallelic polymorphism in exon 16 of iNOS gene and in exon 29 of nNOS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achalasia Is Associated With eNOS4a4a, iNOS22GA, and nNOS29TT Genotypes: A Case-control Study

Singh

Ghoshal

Misra

et al. 2015

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/AimsAchalasia is known to result from degeneration of inhibitory neurons, which are mostly nitrinergic. Characteristic features of achalasia include incomplete lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation and esophageal aperistalsis. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by NO synthase (NOS), plays an important role in peristalsis and LES relaxation. Therefore, we evaluated genetic polymorphisms of NOS gene isoforms (endothelial NOS [eNOS], inducible NOS [iNOS], and neuronal NOS [nNOS]) in patients with achalasia and healthy subjects (HS). MethodsConsecutive patients with achalasia (diagnosed using esophageal manometry) and HS were genotyped for 27-base pair (bp) eNOS variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), iNOS22G/A (rs1060826), nNOS C/T (rs2682826) polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), respectively. Results Among ConclusionsAchalasia is associated with eNOS4a4a, iNOS22GA, and nNOS29TT genotypes. This may suggest that polymorphisms of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS genes are risk factors for achalasia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achalasia Is Associated With eNOS4a4a, iNOS22GA, and nNOS29TT Genotypes: A Case-control Study

Singh

Ghoshal

Misra

et al. 2015

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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“…The control and integration of visceral functions are closely related to vagal reflexes. Dysfunctional vagal reflexes are associated with GI pathologies and digestive disorders (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The esophagus and the LES receive inhibitory input from the caudal neurons and excitatory input from the rostral neurons (4,20,(22)(23)(24). The excitation is provided by the preganglionic cholinergic projections onto cholinergic neurons, while the inhibition is provided by nitrergic enteric neurons (4,(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of NADPH-d in the vagal nuclei of the chronic esophagitis model in rats

Doshi

Srivastava²

2014

Turk J Med Sci

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Agricultural biomass is the world's largest, most sustainable, and most promising renewable energy source. This study investigated the potential of Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) oilseed residual waste (defatted kernel, hull, and their mixture) as a source of ethanol. The pretreatment of the finely ground samples was carried out using dilute sulfuric acid (0.5%) hydrolysis at a higher temperature of 121 °C and 15 psi pressure for 90 min. The pretreatment usually removes the lignin and facilitates the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses. They were further hydrolyzed using 5% H 2 SO 4 at 50 °C for 70 h. The analyses of hydrolyzed products have shown the presence of 66.06-67.12 mg g -1 of total reducing sugars, 0.41-0.47 mg g -1 of glucose, and 0.36-0.45 mg g -1 of xylose, from which the rate of hydrolysis and conversion percentage of cellulose to glucose (44.44%-55.16%) and hemicelluloses to xylose (53.76%-67.17%) was obtained. The hydrolyzed product of complex polysaccharide was further converted into ethanol by fermentation at 32 °C on an orbital shaker using commercial yeast. The results showed ethanol yield of about 10.3%, 8.3%, and 3.3%, respectively in fermentation broths of kernel, mixture, and hull samples, thus indicating Karanja oilseed wastes as potential sources for ethanol production.

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“…Their aggressive components damage the mucous membrane of the distal esophagus, submucosal layer causing fibrosis, and the LES. Physiological relaxations of damaged LES become more frequent and long, time of transition from the state of relaxation to the rest tonus and back is increased, up to cardiac gaping (Hornby and Abrahams, 2000). Accordingly, the frequency and the massiveness of refluxes, length of stomach content staying on the mucous membrane of the esophagus is increased (Holloway, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possibly, he was near to solution of key factor of pathogenesis of GERD, but the article of R. Nissen: "Simple operation of antireflux '' (Nissen, 1956) created for many years the mistaken picture of key factor of pathogenesis of GERD. The essence of its operation is to downgrade a hernia under a diaphragm, winding the cuff of the stomach fundus round the distal esophagus; this procedure recreates the sharpness of AH, increases the pressure in the lumen of the LES (Hornby and Abrahams, 2000). This operation became popular in the world, all physicians expected a high efficiency from this approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual approach to pathogenesis and surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Zalewsky¹,

Gorbunov²,

Shekhovcova³

et al. 2012

MHSJ

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The article urgues that absence of Gubarev's valve is the key factor of pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Authors suggest operative technique of the valve reconstruction in a posterior mediastinum for the patients with GERD, associated with cardiac hiatal hernia. The method did not cause complicatations in the form of postoperative dysphagia and recurrece of disease in the longterm periods.

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Central control of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation

Cited by 90 publications

References 45 publications

Achalasia Is Associated With eNOS4a4a, iNOS22GA, and nNOS29TT Genotypes: A Case-control Study

Achalasia Is Associated With eNOS4a4a, iNOS22GA, and nNOS29TT Genotypes: A Case-control Study

Expression of NADPH-d in the vagal nuclei of the chronic esophagitis model in rats

Conceptual approach to pathogenesis and surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease

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