Central control of breathing in mammals: neuronal circuitry, membrane properties, and neurotransmitters

Bianchi, A.L.; Denavit-Saubié, Monique; Champagnat, Jean

doi:10.1152/physrev.1995.75.1.1

Cited by 844 publications

(710 citation statements)

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“…Vagal fibres transmitting afferent information from the lungs, chest wall and respiratory muscles as a result of lung inflation, project to and terminate onto neurones within the nucleus of the solitary tract (Bianchi et al, 1995), which in turn project to the parabrachial nucleus (Cechetto, 1995;Herbert et al, 1990). Although it is possible that the pontine activity identified in this study reflects sensory feedback from the lungs, we think this is unlikely because the protocol was designed to minimise afferent signalling by performing the breath hold at resting expiratory lung volume (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bilateral cortico-bulbar network associated with breath holding in humans, determined by functional magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2008

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ABSRACTFew tasks are simpler to perform than a breath hold; however, the neural basis underlying this voluntary inhibitory behaviour, which must suppress spontaneous respiratory motor output, is unknown. Here, using blood oxygen level dependant functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI), we investigated the neural network responsible for volitional breath holding in 8 healthy humans. BOLD images of the whole brain (156 brain volumes, voxel resolution 3x3x3mm) were acquired every 5.2s. All breath holds were performed for 15 seconds at resting expiratory lung volume when respiratory musculature was presumed to be relaxed, which ensured that the protocol highlighted the inhibitory components underlying the breath hold. An experimental paradigm was designed to dissociate the time course of the whole-brain BOLD signal from the time course of the local, neural-related BOLD signal associated with the inhibitory task. We identified a bilateral network of cortical and subcortical structures including the insula, basal ganglia, frontal cortex, parietal cortex and thalamus, that are in common with response inhibition tasks, and in addition, activity within the pons. From these results we speculate that the pons has a role in integrating information from supra-brainstem structures, and in turn it exerts an inhibitory effect on medullary respiratory neurones to inhibit breathing during breath holding.2

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bilateral cortico-bulbar network associated with breath holding in humans, determined by functional magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2008

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“…Exogenously applied 5-HT exerts complex modulatory effects on respiration (Morin et al, 1990(Morin et al, , 1991Lalley et al, 1994Lalley et al, , 1995Rose et al, 1995), particularly in in vivo preparations (Bianchi et al, 1995;Haji et al, 2000). This is attributable to the presence of multiple 5-HT-receptor subtypes (Barnes and Sharp, 1999) that cause diverse respiratory effects at the single-neuron and network level (Bohmer et al, 1979;Champagnat et al, 1979;Arita and Ochiishi, 1991;Lalley et al, 1997).…”

Section: Abstract: Respiratory Rhythm; Endogenous Serotonin; Pre-bö mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Activation of Serotonin-2A Receptors Is Required for Respiratory Rhythm GenerationIn Vitro

2002

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Endogenous amines and peptides continuously modulate the activity of neuronal networks and are required even for their normal operation. The respiratory rhythm generator, localized in the pre-Bö tzinger complex, is not an exception. This network is modulated by various neurotransmitters, including serotonin (5-HT). In this study, we isolated the respiratory network in brainstem slices and demonstrate that the endogenous activation of 5-HT 2A is required for the generation of the respiratory rhythm in vitro. At the network level, activation of 5-HT 2A receptors with 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine or the 5-HT uptake blocker alaproclate increased the frequency of respiratory activity. Blockade of endogenously activated 5-HT 2A receptors with three different antagonists decreased the frequency, amplitude, and regularity of respiratory population activity, an effect that was blocked by protein kinase C (PKC) activators. At the cellular level, blockade of 5-HT 2A receptors reduced the action potential discharge in all examined respiratory neurons, which was associated with a reduction in the fast and the persistent sodium current. Continuous application of 5-HT 2A -receptor antagonists differentially affected pacemaker neurons. Pacemaker activity was eliminated in cadmiuminsensitive pacemaker neurons. In cadmium-sensitive pacemaker neurons, the frequency of pacemaker activity was unaffected and the amplitude of pacemaker bursts was enhanced. It is assumed that cadmium-insensitive pacemakers rely on the persistent sodium current, whereas cadmium-sensitive pacemakers depend on the activation of calcium currents. We conclude that endogenously activated 5-HT 2A receptors are required for maintaining fictive respiratory activity in the brainstem slice by modulating sodium conductances via a PKC pathway.

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“…The activity of brainstem respiratory neurones is directly modified by altered levels of CO 2 and H + , and indirectly by peripheral chemoreceptors (Richter and Spyer, 2001;Feldman et al, 2003;Hilaire and Pasaro, 2003). Whereas the circuitry that produces rhythmicity in postnatal mammals has been studied extensively (Bianchi et al, 1995;Ezure, 2004;Feldman et al, 2003;Ramirez and Richter, 1996), less is known about the organization of the respiratory network during embryonic life.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optical recording from respiratory pattern generator of fetal mouse brainstem reveals a distributed network

Eugenı́n¹,

Nicholls²,

Cohen³

et al. 2006

Neuroscience

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Central control of breathing in mammals: neuronal circuitry, membrane properties, and neurotransmitters

Cited by 844 publications

References 0 publications

A bilateral cortico-bulbar network associated with breath holding in humans, determined by functional magnetic resonance imaging

A bilateral cortico-bulbar network associated with breath holding in humans, determined by functional magnetic resonance imaging

Endogenous Activation of Serotonin-2A Receptors Is Required for Respiratory Rhythm GenerationIn Vitro

Optical recording from respiratory pattern generator of fetal mouse brainstem reveals a distributed network

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