Central Composite Design Optimisation in Single Point Incremental Forming of Truncated Cones from Commercially Pure Titanium Grade 2 Sheet Metals

Szpunar, Marcin; Ostrowski, Robert; Trzepieciński, Tomasz; Kaščák, Ľuboš

doi:10.3390/ma14133634

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Moreover, Hirt et al [62] reported that the formability decreases as the tool radius increases. Taking the above-mentioned phenomena the tool radius was determined in preliminary experimental studies which results are published in [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First of all, the drawpieces show a relatively large springback; incorrectly selected input parameters may result in unsatisfactory roughness of the inner surface of the drawpiece. In areas with small rounding radii, a reduction in the geometric accuracy of the products is observed [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous paper [17], the authors used the optimal SPIF parameters in forming the truncated cones from commercially pure titanium Grade 2 sheet metals in order to minimise the maximum of both the in-plane and axial components. Response surface methodology was used to find relations between process parameters (tool feed rate, step size, and spindle speed) and the 10-point peak-valley surface roughness Rz parameter measured at the inner side of the drawpieces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Surface Roughness in Incremental Sheet Forming of Conical Drawpieces from Pure Titanium Sheets

et al. 2022

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The article presents the results of the analysis of the influence of incremental sheet forming process parameters on surface roughness measured on both sides of conical drawpieces made from pure titanium Grade 2 sheets. The experimental plan was created on the basis of a central composite design. The study assumed the variability of feed rate, spindle speed, and incremental step size in the following range: 500–2000 mm/min, 0–600 rpm, and 0.1–0.5 mm, respectively. Two strategies differing in the direction of the tool rotation in relation to the feed direction were also analysed. Analysis of variance is performed to understand the adequacy of the proposed model and the influence of the input parameters on the specific roughness parameter. The sensitivity of the process parameter on the selected surface roughness parameters was assessed using artificial neural networks. It was found that the change in the surface roughness of the inner surface of the drawpiece is not related to the change of surface roughness of the outer side. The morphology of the outer surface of the draw pieces was uniform with a much greater profile height than the inner surface that had interacted with the tool. Taking into account the outer surface of the drawpiece, the direction of tool rotation is also most closely correlated with the parameters Sa, Sz, and Sku. Step size and feed rate provide the highest information capacity in relation to skewness and kurtosis of the inner surface of the drawpiece.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Surface Roughness in Incremental Sheet Forming of Conical Drawpieces from Pure Titanium Sheets

et al. 2022

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“…QbD is a systematic technique that supports the development of a formulation relying on some independent factors that are investigated for their influence on certain responses to reach the best optimized formula. Several methods for optimization could be utilized, such as central composite designs (CCD) technique [39]. Employing CCD would select the optimized formula by studying certain model graphs, statistical analysis and mathematical equations provided by the system [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shea Butter Potentiates the Anti-Bacterial Activity of Fusidic Acid Incorporated into Solid Lipid Nanoparticle

2022

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Fusidic acid (FA) is an efficient anti-bacterial drug proven to be efficient against a wide range of bacteria. Nevertheless, the main restriction in its formulation is the limited solubility. To avoid such an obstacle, the drug is incorporated into the lipid core of the nanolipid formulation. Consequently, the present study was an attempt to formulate nanolipid preparation, mainly, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) integrating FA. FA-SLN was prepared using shea butter as a lipid phase owing to its reported anti-bacterial activity. Different FA-SLNs were fabricated using the central composite design (CCD) approach. The optimized formula was selected and integrated into a hydrogel base to be efficiently used topically. FA-SLN-hydrogel was evaluated for its character, morphology, in vitro release and stability. The formula was examined for irritation reaction and finally evaluated for its anti-bacterial performance. The optimized formula showed particle size 283.83 nm and entrapment 73.057%. The formulated FA-SLN-hydrogel displayed pH 6.2, viscosity 15,610 cP, spreadability 51.1 mm and in vitro release 64.6% following 180 min. FA-SLN-hydrogel showed good stability for three months at different conditions (room temperature and refrigerator). It exhibited no irritation reaction on the treated rats. Eventually, shea butter displayed a noteworthy effect against bacterial growth that improved the effect of FA. This would indicate prospective anti-bacterial activity of FA when combined with shea butter in SLN formulation as a promising nanocarrier.

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“…The aim of their paper was to guide and inspire researchers by identifying current development trends of valuable contributions in the field of Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) of lightweight metallic materials. In SPIF, a rotating tool with a rounded tip at its end is used, and the desired shape is formed from clamped sheet metal [ 2 ]. In the literature [ 3 ], a review paper on new advances and future opportunities considered single point incremental to be one of the forming technologies of future-proof materials in aerospace applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Effects of Single Point Incremental Forming on Hardness of AA1100 Aluminium Alloy Sheets

et al. 2021

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When using a unique tool with different controlled path strategies in the absence of a punch and die, the local plastic deformation of a sheet is called Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF). The lack of available knowledge regarding SPIF parameters and their effects on components has made the industry reluctant to embrace this technology. To make SPIF a significant industrial application and to convince the industry to use this technology, it is important to study mechanical properties and effective parameters prior to and after the forming process. Moreover, in order to produce a SPIF component with sufficient quality without defects, optimal process parameters should be selected. In this context, this paper offers insight into the effects of the forming tool diameter, coolant type, tool speed, and feed rates on the hardness of AA1100 aluminium alloy sheet material. Based on the research parameters, different regression equations were generated to calculate hardness. As opposed to the experimental approach, regression equations enable researchers to estimate hardness values relatively quickly and in a practicable way. The Relative Importance (RI) of SPIF parameters for expected hardness, determined with the partitioning weight method of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), is also presented in the study. The analysis of the test results showed that hardness noticeably increased when tool speed increased. An increase in feed rate also led to an increase in hardness. In addition, the effects of various greases and coolant oil were studied using the same feed rates; when coolant oil was used, hardness increased, and when grease was applied, hardness decreased.

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Central Composite Design Optimisation in Single Point Incremental Forming of Truncated Cones from Commercially Pure Titanium Grade 2 Sheet Metals

Cited by 16 publications

References 61 publications

Investigation of Surface Roughness in Incremental Sheet Forming of Conical Drawpieces from Pure Titanium Sheets

Investigation of Surface Roughness in Incremental Sheet Forming of Conical Drawpieces from Pure Titanium Sheets

Shea Butter Potentiates the Anti-Bacterial Activity of Fusidic Acid Incorporated into Solid Lipid Nanoparticle

Parametric Effects of Single Point Incremental Forming on Hardness of AA1100 Aluminium Alloy Sheets

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