Central cholinergic involvement in behavioral hyper-reactivity

Russell, Roger W.; Macri, James

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(79)90167-9

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…An acoustic signal served as a stimulus. The apparatus and procedure used to deliver the stimulus and to record the motor reaction of the animals to it has been described previously (Russell and Macri, 1979;Silverman et al, 1988). In this procedure, the animals stand unrestrained on a platform provided with a force sensor that transduces the motor reaction of the animal to the auditory stimulus into electrical pulses detected by an amplifier.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Neurologic and Behavioral Effects of Subtoxic Doses of Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Scremin¹,

Shih²,

Huynh³

et al. 2002

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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We tested the hypothesis that pyridostigmine bromide (PB) intake and/or low-level sarin exposure, suggested by some as causes of the symptoms experienced by Persian Gulf War veterans, induce neurobehavioral dysfunction that outlasts their effects on cholinesterase. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated during 3 weeks with s.c. saline, PB in drinking water (80 mg/l), sarin (62.5 g/kg; 0.5ϫ LD 50 , three times/week s.c.), or PB in drinking water ϩ sarin. Animals were tested for passive avoidance, nociceptive threshold, acoustic startle, and open field activity 2, 4, or 16 weeks after treatment. Two weeks after sarin, acoustic startle was enhanced, whereas distance explored in the open field decreased. These effects were absent with PB ϩ sarin or PB by itself. No effect on any variable was found at 4 weeks, whereas at 16 weeks sarin induced a decrease and PB ϩ sarin induced an increase in habituation in the open field test. Nociceptive threshold was elevated in the PB ϩ sarin group at 16 weeks. No effect of treatment on passive avoidance was noted in any group. Brain regional acetylcholinesterase and cholineacetyltransferase activities were not affected at any time after treatment, but muscarinic receptors were down-regulated in hippocampus, caudate putamen, and mesencephalon in the sarin group at 2 weeks. In conclusion, this study gives further support to the use of PB against nerve agent poisoning and does not support the hypothesis that delayed symptoms experienced by Persian Gulf War veterans could be due to PB, alone or in association with low-level sarin exposure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Neurologic and Behavioral Effects of Subtoxic Doses of Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Scremin¹,

Shih²,

Huynh³

et al. 2002

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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“…system which elevate acetylcholine (ACh) levels (Russell, Carson, Booth, & Jenden, 1981) or lower them by interfering with ACh synthesis (Russell & Macri, 1979) have been shown to produce behavioural effects consistent with these findings. From observations of the effects of human clinical use of drugs affecting various neurotransmitter systems has come the proposal that a balance may exist between ACh playing a suppressing role in behaviour and catecholamines an excitatory role (Berger, Davis, & Hollister, 1979;Harris, Davis, & Janowsky, 1979;Janowsky, El-Yousef, Davis, & Sekerke, 1972,1973.…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Effects on reinforced and nonreinforced responses of depressed and of elevated brain acetylcholine levels

Russell

Champion

1985

Australian Journal of Psychology

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Two experiments are reported which were designed to study effects on reinforced and nonreinforced responses of manipulating the cholinergic neurotransmitter system both by depressing and by elevating brain acetylcholine (ACh) levels. Atropine sulphate, a cholinergic antagonist, and diisopropyl fluorophosphate, an indirect agonist, were used to produce the respective changes. The relatively simple operant response of running with food reinforcement in a straight alley was chosen as the behaviour to be studied in order to minimize the array of possible competing responses which in earlier studies had been shown to confound interpretation of the influence of differential reinforcement on behavioural effects of cholinergic agents. Although not always statistically significant, low ACh levels produced depression and high ACh levels enhancement in all responses studied. Effects of the cholinergic antagonist were relatively greater on the most highly reinforced response only when the competing response was weaker because of nonreinforcement, that is, there was no significant difference between groups receiving different frequencies of reinforcement. Effects of the cholinergic agonist were evidenced as enhancement of all three types of response. It is suggested that regulation of muscarinic receptors may be an essential process in the behavioural effects observed.

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“…An acoustic signal served as a stimulus. The apparatiis and procedure used to deliver tiie stimulus and to record tiie motor reaction of tiie animals to it has been previously described (Silverman et ^., 1988); (Russell and Maori 1979). In tiiis procedure the animals stand unrestiained on a platform provided witii a force sensor tiiat transdu^s tiie motor reaction of tiie animal to tiie auditory stimulus into electiical pulses detected by an amplifier A custom designed computer program delivers a conttoUed sound and integrates and digitizes the movement-related electiical signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Subsymptomatic Doses of Sarin with Pyridostigmine - Neurochemical Behavioral and Physiological Effects

Scremin¹,

Shih²,

Jenden³

2004

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Central cholinergic involvement in behavioral hyper-reactivity

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Delayed Neurologic and Behavioral Effects of Subtoxic Doses of Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Delayed Neurologic and Behavioral Effects of Subtoxic Doses of Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Effects on reinforced and nonreinforced responses of depressed and of elevated brain acetylcholine levels

Interactions of Subsymptomatic Doses of Sarin with Pyridostigmine - Neurochemical Behavioral and Physiological Effects

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