“Central” auditory gap detection: A spatial case

Phillips, David P.; Hall, Susan E.; Harrington, Ian A.; Taylor, Tracy

doi:10.1121/1.421353

Cited by 55 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Also interesting but requiring further exploration were the interaction effects suggesting activity associated with specific channel condition and gap duration combinations for particular temporal and spatial factor combinations. These data are consistent with the existence of a central timing mechanism that must monitor the activity in a variety of temporal and spatial regions to detect a gap between spectrally different markers (e.g., Phillips, Hall, Harrington, & Taylor, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Cortical Evoked Response to Gaps in Noise: Within-Channel and Across-Channel Conditions

2007

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Objectives-The objective of this study was to describe the cortical evoked response to silent gaps in a group of young adults with normal hearing using stimulus conditions identical to those used in psychophysical studies of gap detection. Specifically, we sought to examine the P1-N1-P2 auditory evoked response to the onsets of stimuli (markers) defining a silent gap for withinchannel (spectrally identical markers) and across-channel (spectrally different markers) conditions using four perceptually-equated gap durations. It was hypothesized that (1) P1, N1, and P2 would be present and consistent for 1st marker (before the gap) onsets; (2) for within-channel markers, P1, N1, and P2 would be present for 2nd marker (after the gap) onsets only when the gap was of a duration equal to or larger than the behaviorally measured gap detection threshold; and (3) for the across-channel conditions, P1, N1, and P2 would be present for 2nd marker onsets regardless of gap duration. This is expected due to the additional cue of frequency change following the gap.Design-Twelve young adults (mean age 26 years) with normal hearing participated. Withinchannel and across-channel gap detection thresholds were determined using an adaptive psychophysical procedure. Next, cortical auditory evoked potentials (P1-N1-P2) were recorded with a 32-channel Neuro-scan™ electroencephalogram system using within-channel and acrosschannel markers identical to those used for the psychophysical task and four perceptually weighted gap durations: (1) individual listener's gap detection threshold; (2) above gap detection threshold; (3) below gap detection threshold; and (4) a 1-ms gap identical to the gap in the standard interval of the psychophysical task. P1-N1-P2 peak latencies and amplitudes were analyzed using repeated-measures analyses of variance. A temporal-spatial principal component analysis was also conducted.Results-The latency of P2 and the amplitude of P1, N1, and P2 were significantly affected by the acoustic characteristics of the 2nd marker as well as the duration of the gap. Larger amplitudes and shorter latencies were generally found for the conditions in which the acoustic cues were most salient (e.g., across-channel markers, 1st markers, large gap durations). Interestingly, the temporal-spatial principal component analysis revealed activity elicited by gap durations equal to gap detection threshold in the latency regions of 167 and 183 ms for temporal-parietal and rightfrontal spatial locations.Address for correspondence: Jennifer Lister, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave. PCD 1017, Tampa, FL 33620. jlister@cas.usf.edu.. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptConclusions-The cortical response to a silent gap is unique to specific marker characteristics and gap durations among young adults with normal hearing. Specifically, when the onset of the 2nd marker is perceptually salient, the amplitude of the P1-N1-P2 re...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Cortical Evoked Response to Gaps in Noise: Within-Channel and Across-Channel Conditions

2007

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“…The reason for this is not clear, although it probably reflects the fact that our listeners were more practiced than his at this task. The thresholds are, however, comparable to those in previous reports from this laboratory, using different listeners (Phillips et al, 1998;Phillips et al, 1997). The important point to take from this experiment is that gap detection thresholds were most strongly affected by the similarity with which the markers activated the auditory periphery.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Similarly, gap thresholds were 5-10 times longer when the markers bounding the silent period originated from free-field sources opposite each ear (i.e., at Ϯ90º azimuth) than when both of the markers originated from the same source Phillips, Hall, Harrington, & Taylor, 1998). Two sounds originating from different free-field spatial locations result in different values of the binaural cues, which lead to lateralized percepts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relation between auditory temporal interval processing and sequential stream segregation examined with stimulus laterality differences

Boehnke

Phillips

2005

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Effects of pre-gap durations on behavioral gap detection have been reported for durations shorter than 500 ms (Penner, 1977;Forrest and Green, 1987;Phillips et al, 1998;Schneider and Hamstra, 1999;Snell and Hu, 1999) showing that thresholds are unaffected by pre-gap durations of a few hundred ms. A study on the electrophysiological correlates of gap detection with pre-gap durations of 5, 20 and 50 ms found correlations between the detection thresholds and the Middle-Latency fields (Rupp et al, 2004). The effects on the N-Complex observed in this study may have behavioral accompaniments, more subtle than gap detection thresholds, that have not been studied yet.…”

Section: The N-complex As a Function Of Pre-gap Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The N1 complex to gaps in noise: Effects of preceding noise duration and intensity

Pratt

Starr

Michalewski

et al. 2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

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The N1 complex to gaps in noise: Effects of preceding noise duration and intensity AbstractObjective: To study the effects of duration and intensity of noise that precedes gaps in noise on the N-Complex (N 1a and N 1b ) of EventRelated Potentials (ERPs) to the gaps. Methods: ERPs were recorded from 13 normal subjects in response to 20 ms gaps in 2-4.5 s segments of binaural white noise. Within each segment, the gaps appeared after 500, 1500, 2500 or 4000 ms of noise. Noise intensity was either 75, 60 or 45 dBnHL. Analysis included waveform peak measurements and intracranial source current density estimations, as well as statistical assessment of the effects of pre-gap noise duration and intensity on N 1a and N 1b and their estimated intracranial source activity. Results: The N-Complex was detected at about 100 ms under all stimulus conditions. Latencies of N 1a (at 90 ms) and N 1b (at 150 ms) were significantly affected by duration of the preceding noise. Both their amplitudes and the latency of N 1b were affected by the preceding noise intensity. Source current density was most prominent, under all stimulus conditions, in the vicinity of the temporo-parietal junction, with the first peak (N 1a ) lateralized to the left hemisphere and the second peak (N 1b ) -to the right. Additional sources with lower current density were more anterior, with a single peak spanning the duration of the N-Complex. Conclusions: The N 1a and N 1b of the N-Complex of the ERPs to gaps in noise are affected by both duration and intensity of the pre-gap noise. The minimum noise duration required for the appearance of a double-peaked N-Complex is just under 500 ms, depending on noise intensity. N 1a and N 1b of the N-Complex are generated predominantly in opposite temporo-parietal brain areas: N 1a on the left and N 1b on the right. Significance: Duration and intensity interact to define the dual peaked N-Complex, signaling the cessation of an ongoing sound.

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“Central” auditory gap detection: A spatial case

Cited by 55 publications

References 17 publications

Cortical Evoked Response to Gaps in Noise: Within-Channel and Across-Channel Conditions

Cortical Evoked Response to Gaps in Noise: Within-Channel and Across-Channel Conditions

The relation between auditory temporal interval processing and sequential stream segregation examined with stimulus laterality differences

The N1 complex to gaps in noise: Effects of preceding noise duration and intensity

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