Central Auditory and Vestibular Dysfunction Are Key Features of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Mansour, Yusra; Burchell, Alyson; Kulesza, Randy J.

doi:10.3389/fnint.2021.743561

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…The number of overall neurons is also decreased in the MSO and LSO in VPA rats, and the number of inhibitory neurons was decreased in the SPON of Fmr1 −/− rats [ 118 , 153 ]. These results are similar to studies of human brains, which have found fewer and smaller neurons in the SOC of those with ASD, especially in the MSO, where the neurons were also rounder, consistent with an immature phenotype [ 74 , 132 ]. The levels of neurotransmitters glutamate, GABA, and glutamine were not changed in the SOC of Cntnap2 −/− rats [ 84 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…As appealing as ABRs are as a non-invasive measure of function in lower auditory structures, too few studies have performed this test on rodent models of ASD to draw conclusions across different models. ABR measures in children with autism show trends towards lower amplitudes and longer latencies, but there is a significant variation in the response [ 74 , 76 , 136 ]. The inability of rodent studies in various models to converge on a consistent ABR phenotype may therefore be an accurate portrayal of the diversity of ABRs in iASD with a range of aetiologies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auditory processing in rodent models of autism: a systematic review

Wilde

Constantin

Thorne

et al. 2022

J Neurodevelop Disord

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Autism is a complex condition with many traits, including differences in auditory sensitivity. Studies in human autism are plagued by the difficulty of controlling for aetiology, whereas studies in individual rodent models cannot represent the full spectrum of human autism. This systematic review compares results in auditory studies across a wide range of established rodent models of autism to mimic the wide range of aetiologies in the human population. A search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases to find primary research articles in mouse or rat models of autism which investigate central auditory processing. A total of 88 studies were included. These used non-invasive measures of auditory function, such as auditory brainstem response recordings, cortical event-related potentials, electroencephalography, and behavioural tests, which are translatable to human studies. They also included invasive measures, such as electrophysiology and histology, which shed insight on the origins of the phenotypes found in the non-invasive studies. The most consistent results across these studies were increased latency of the N1 peak of event-related potentials, decreased power and coherence of gamma activity in the auditory cortex, and increased auditory startle responses to high sound levels. Invasive studies indicated loss of subcortical inhibitory neurons, hyperactivity in the lateral superior olive and auditory thalamus, and reduced specificity of responses in the auditory cortex. This review compares the auditory phenotypes across rodent models and highlights those that mimic findings in human studies, providing a framework and avenues for future studies to inform understanding of the auditory system in autism.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory processing in rodent models of autism: a systematic review

Wilde

Constantin

Thorne

et al. 2022

J Neurodevelop Disord

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“…Therefore, increased awareness of balance and vestibular problems in children is needed. As stated in a recent publication [ 9 ], “vestibular issues are likely under-reported in children with ASD and may go unrecognized”. That being said, balance and vestibular testing can be very challenging for any child with ASD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A later study looking at the VOR in children with ASD found abnormalities, which were attributed to alternations in cerebellar and brainstem circuitry [ 8 ]. Central vestibular dysfunction in ASD was highlighted in a recent review study published in 2021 [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balance and Vestibular Deficits in Pediatric Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Underappreciated Clinical Aspect

Öster

Zhou

2022

Autism Research and Treatment

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Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) not only have communication and social difficulties, but also exhibit poor balance and motor control ability, which frequently affect daily activities. Effective balance and motor control rely on the integration of somatosensory, visual, and vestibular inputs. Although reports of balance dysfunction in ASD have been documented, comprehensive studies of balance and vestibular function in children with ASD are scarce. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 36 pediatric patients diagnosed with ASD who underwent balance/vestibular laboratory testing in our speciality clinic. Results from sensory organization test (SOT) or modified clinical test for sensory integration of balance (mCTSIB) found that out of 15 patients, 80% had abnormal findings. Of the children who successfully completed each vestibular test, abnormal responses were observed in 12 (80%) sensory organization tests, 5 (24%) vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP), 22 (66%) videonystagmography (VNG), and 11 (32%) sinusoidal rotary chair tests. These results indicate that balance and vestibular testing may be of diagnostic value for clinicians and providers as an aid in early detection, intervention, and the development of appropriate management and therapies for this patient population. Increased awareness of this topic is warranted to promote better clinical management of this special group of patients and improve their quality of life.

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“…Being observed in response to both pure tones and complex stimuli (such as speech) [ 40 ], the hypothesis was advanced that this difference might precipitate higher-order autistic difficulties in communication [ 42 , 43 ]. Comparing HF and LF, previous studies report better auditory capacities in HF [ 44 ], who can even surpass non-autistic young adults in terms of unexpected and expected sound detection [ 45 ]. On the contrary, the auditory processing in LF could be compromised by a sensory overload, in turn interfering with social communication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory Profiles in School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Descriptive Study Using the Sensory Processing Measure-2 (SPM-2)

Narzisi

Fabbri-Destro

Crifaci

et al. 2022

JCM

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Background: Sensory reactivity is considered one of the diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and has been associated with poorer functional outcomes, behavioral difficulties, and autism severity across the lifespan. The characterization of the sensory processing in ASD has thus become crucial to identify the sensory and motor features influencing the development of personal autonomy. Objectives: The present study has two aims: (1) to compare the sensory processing between school-aged children with ASD and typically developing peers (TD); (2) to evaluate whether, within the ASD sample, the cognitive level and reported sensory symptoms explain the scores exhibited at the Sensory Processing Measure (SPM-2). Methods: The SPM-2 test was administered to the parents of 105 children with ASD and 70 TD. The ASD group was further subdivided into two groups, namely high and low functioning based on their cognitive level (High Functioning (HF), IQ > 80; Low Functioning (LF), IQ < 80). Results: ASD children exhibited higher scores throughout the SPM-2 total score and its multiple subscales. Within ASD, while HF and LF children did not differ in terms of the SPM-2 total score, a significant difference was found for the hearing, social participation, and balance and motion subscales. Conclusions: Aside from classical knowledge that the ASD population suffers from sensory processing disorders, we revealed that different sensory patterns are associated with high or low cognitive functioning. Beyond its neurobiological interest, such knowledge may be of fundamental importance for individualizing psychoeducational interventions in preschool- and school-aged children and later developmental stages.

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Central Auditory and Vestibular Dysfunction Are Key Features of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 22 publications

References 127 publications

Auditory processing in rodent models of autism: a systematic review

Auditory processing in rodent models of autism: a systematic review

Balance and Vestibular Deficits in Pediatric Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Underappreciated Clinical Aspect

Sensory Profiles in School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Descriptive Study Using the Sensory Processing Measure-2 (SPM-2)

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