Central and peripheral regulation of gastric acid secretion by peptide YY

Yang, Hong

doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00611-8

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…The portal plasma levels of two neuropeptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY), were also evaluated to assess the physiological consequences of the synbiotic treatment on the GI tract. Circulatory NPY and PYY display a profound inhibitory effect on gastric emptying and acid secretion, gut motility, and exocrine pancreatic secretion (52). The probiotic strains used in this study, i.e., Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect on Components of the Intestinal Microflora and Plasma Neuropeptide Levels of Feeding Lactobacillus delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium lactis , and Inulin to Adult and Elderly Rats

Leśniewska

Rowland

Cani

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the mixture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. rhamnosus strain GG, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, and inulin on intestinal populations of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and enterobacteria in adult and elderly rats fed the same (in quality and quantity) diet. The portal plasma levels of two neuropeptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY), were also evaluated to assess the physiological consequences of the synbiotic treatment for the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of rats of different ages. Adult (n ‫؍‬ 24) and elderly (n ‫؍‬ 24) male rats were fed the AIN-93 M maintenance diet. After 2 weeks of adaptation, the diet of 12 rats of each age group was supplemented with 8% inulin and with strains GG and Bb12 to provide 2.2 ؋ 10 9 CFU of each strain g ؊1 of the diet. Blood and different regions of the GI tract were sampled from all rats after 21 days of the treatment. Treatment with the mixture of strain GG, strain BB12, and inulin induced significantly different changes in the numbers of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and enterobacteria of the stomach, small intestine, cecum, and colon microflora. Moreover, the GG, BB12, and inulin mixture increased the concentrations of NPY and PYY for adult rats. For the elderly animals, the PYY concentration was not changed, while the NPY concentration was decreased by treatment with the GG, BB12, and inulin mixture. The results of the present study indicate that the physiological status of the GI tract, and not just diet, has a major role in the regulation of important groups of the GI bacteria community, since even the outcome of the dietary modification with synbiotics depends on the ages of the animals.The composition of the gastrointestinal (GI) microflora changes with increasing age of the host (34). These changes involve a decrease in the number and diversity of bifidobacteria and bacteroides and an increase in the number of enterobacteria, clostridia, streptococci, and enterococci in elderly humans (17,20,51) and in older animals (5).The age-related changes in the GI bacterial community in elderly humans are likely related to changes in nutritional habits, since it is well recognized that diet/dietary components codetermine the spectrum of intestinal microflora (2,18,28,33,37). In particular, aging is associated with the decrease in daily fiber intake (27) related to the prolongation of mastication (42), the decline in olfactorial and gustatorial sensitivity (24), and a decrease in cognition (36). However, aging is also associated with alterations of GI physiology and function, such as gastric hypochlorhydria, alterations in intestinal motility, and decreased colonic transit time (23,31,44). Changes in GI tract physiology during the aging process may allow specific bacterial populations to take advantage of novel ecological niches, thereby altering the composition of the GI microbiota, in turn affecting intestinal homeostasis and function (22,28).Pro-and prebiotics and their combination (synbiotics) have been shown to...

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confidence: 99%

Effect on Components of the Intestinal Microflora and Plasma Neuropeptide Levels of Feeding Lactobacillus delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium lactis , and Inulin to Adult and Elderly Rats

Leśniewska

Rowland

Cani

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…It is of note that the Y 2 preferential agonist PYY-(3-36) infused intravenously at 75 pmol ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ h Ϫ1 shows a tendency to increase ethanol-induced gastric lesions. Previous studies indicate that Y 1 /PYY-preferring and Y 2 receptors can exert opposite effects on gastric function (8,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We previously reported that intravenous PYY-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion was prevented by intracisternal injection of PYY antibody, providing evidence for a central action of peripheral PYY (42). In addition, microinjection of PYY or NPY into the DVC at low doses inhibits vagally stimulated gastric contractions, whereas higher doses induce a vagal-dependent stimulation of gastric acid and hepatic bile secretion as well as gastric motor function in urethane-anesthetized rats (8,40,(43)(44)(45). Our recent work also revealed that PYY injected intracisternally confers gastric protection against intragastric ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury through vagal cholinergic-dependent pathways recruiting peripheral CGRP and nitric oxide (NO) mechanisms (20,41).…”

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confidence: 98%

Gastric protective effect of peripheral PYY through PYY preferring receptors in anesthetized rats

Kawakubo

Yang

Taché

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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The influence of intravenous peptide YY (PYY) on the gastric injury induced by 45% ethanol was investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats. PYY (25, 75, 125, and 250 pmol ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ h Ϫ1 ) significantly reduced gastric lesions by 36, 59, 40, and 38%, respectively. Antibody against ratPYY (2 mg/rat) injected intravenously completely prevented the gastroprotective effect of intravenous PYY (75 pmol⅐kg Ϫ1 ⅐h Ϫ1 ), whereas injected intracisternally (460 g/20 l), it significantly prevented intracisternal PYY (24 pmol/rat)-induced 58% reduction of ethanol lesions but not that induced by intravenous PYY. Vagotomy did not influence the gastroprotective effect of intravenous PYY. The Y 1/"PYY-preferring" receptor agonist [Pro 34 ]PYY (75 pmol ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐h Ϫ1 iv) significantly decreased ethanol-induced gastric lesions by 82%, whereas [Leu 31 , Pro 34 ]NPY, a Y1/Y3 agonist, and PYY-(3-36), a Y2 agonist, had no effect. These data indicate that PYY-infused intravenously at doses reported to mimic postprandial peak blood levels prevents ethanol-induced gastric injury through vagal independent pathways and PYY-preferring receptors.neuropeptide Y-receptor subtype; peptide YY antibody; vagotomy; ethanol; gastric lesions PEPTIDE YY (PYY), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and pancreatic peptide (PP) belong to a family of structurally related 36-amino acid peptides. PYY, which was isolated from porcine duodenum (35), is widely distributed in the gastrointestinal tract, predominantly in the endocrine cells of intestine and pancreas (24, 26) and in neuronal elements of the gastrointestinal tract (7).Postprandial release of PYY into the circulation has been established in all species studied so far (36). Doses of PYY infused intravenously, reproducing the circulating postprandial peak levels, are in the range of 50-120 pmol ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ h Ϫ1 in rats (19,34). Intravenous infusion of PYY at doses within this range inhibits stimulated gastric acid secretion (1,16,28,30) and gastric emptying (3, 29) in humans and dogs and exocrine pancreatic secretion in rats and dogs (19,31,37) and interrupts intestinal propagation in rats (2). PYY is assumed to act as a physiological inhibitor of upper gastrointestinal functions when nutrients reach the distal small intestine (36).PYY is a gut peptide that also acts in the brain to alter gastric secretory and motor functions through vagal pathways. Autoradiographic studies have demonstrated dense concentrations of PYY binding sites in the rat dorsal medulla (25). Saturable PYY binding has been observed in the region of the brain stem containing the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) after the intravenous injection of 125 I-labeled PYY at doses reproducing postprandial blood concentrations in rats (18). We previously reported that intravenous PYY-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion was prevented by intracisternal injection of PYY antibody, providing evidence for a central action of peripheral PYY (42). In addition, microinjection of PYY or NPY into the DVC at low doses inhibits vagally stimulated gastric contractions, w...

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“…Both peptides are released into the circulation in response to meal ingestion, with special reference to fats, and are widely considered as potential enterogastrones. Indeed, at physiologic doses, PYY and enteroglucagon may inhibit gastric acid secretion induced by pentagastrin, meal, and vagal stimulation (Adrian et al, 1985;Anini et al, 1999;Guo et al, 1987b;Sheikh, 1991;Walsh, 1994;Wettergren et al, 1994;Yang, 2002;Zeng et al, 1997). Although PYY and enteroglucagon colocalize in the same endocrine cell type and are usually released simultaneously, under certain conditions, only one peptide may be selectively released (Anini et al, 1999;Brubaker, 1991;Plaisancié et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PYY may modulate gastric acid secretion induced by vagal stimulation, through Y 2 receptors located in the area postrema and in the dorsal vagal complex (Lloyd et al, 1996;Yang, 2002). Moreover, PYY does not interact directly with the parietal cells but may inhibit gastric acid secretion by Y 1 receptor activation on enterochromaffin-like cells, with the consequent blockage of histamine release (Zeng et al, 1997).…”

Section: Laforenza Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

PYY-Tag Transgenic Mice Displaying Abnormal (H+-K+)ATPase Activity and Gastric Mucosal Barrier Impairment

Laforenza

Gastaldi

Rindi

et al. 2003

Laboratory Investigation

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SUMMARY:The mechanism by which the gastrointestinal hormones peptide YY and glucagon inhibit gastric acid secretion is largely unknown. PYY-Tag transgenic mice develop endocrine tumors in the colon that are composed mainly of peptide YY/enteroglucagon-producing L type cells. Therefore we studied the functional activity of such tumors and the gastric functions of PYY-Tag mice. Fasting and fed PYY-Tag transgenic mice and CD1 controls were assayed for circulating levels of peptide YY, glucagon, insulin, and gastrin. The gastric pH was determined and gastric samples were examined for (a) histologic appearance; (b) K ϩ -stimulated p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity and [ 14 C]aminopyrine accumulation of apical and tubulovesicle membranes; (c) adherent mucus determination by Alcian blue recovery; and (d) DNA/RNA/protein epithelial content and in vivo incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine into DNA. Transgenic mice showed high serum levels of peptide YY and glucagon, increased gastric pH, and a high incidence of gastric ulcers after fasting. p-Nitrophenylphosphatase activity, [14 C] aminopyrine accumulation, and proton pump redistribution from cytoplasmic tubulovesicles to apical membranes were significantly lower in the gastric mucosa of transgenic mice compared with the controls. In addition, the adherent mucus was thinner, and [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation into the DNA was decreased. The abnormal and unregulated levels of circulating peptide YY and glucagon led to gastric acid inhibition and an impairment of gastric barrier function as a result of a striking reduction in epithelial proliferation. (Lab Invest 2003, 83:47-54).

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Central and peripheral regulation of gastric acid secretion by peptide YY

Cited by 44 publications

References 97 publications

Effect on Components of the Intestinal Microflora and Plasma Neuropeptide Levels of Feeding Lactobacillus delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium lactis , and Inulin to Adult and Elderly Rats

Effect on Components of the Intestinal Microflora and Plasma Neuropeptide Levels of Feeding Lactobacillus delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium lactis , and Inulin to Adult and Elderly Rats

Gastric protective effect of peripheral PYY through PYY preferring receptors in anesthetized rats

PYY-Tag Transgenic Mice Displaying Abnormal (H+-K+)ATPase Activity and Gastric Mucosal Barrier Impairment

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