Central and peripheral cardiovascular actions of apelin in conscious rats

Kagiyama, Shuntaro; Fukuhara, Mikio; Matsumura, Kiyoshi; Lin, Yuanhua; Fujii, Koji; Iida, Mitsuo

doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2004.07.033

Cited by 102 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A role for apelin in the regulation of the HPA axis responses to stress is supported by studies showing that central administration of (Pyr 1 )apelin-13 increases the expression of c-fos, an indicator of neuronal activity, in the PVN (Kagiyama et al 2005). Furthermore, administration of apelin-13 stimulates the release of CRH and VP from hypothalamic extracts in vitro (Taheri et al 2002), effects consistent with stimulation of the stress axis.…”

Section: Apelin/apj and The Neuroendocrine Response To Stressmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This hypotensive action is blocked by the NOS inhibitor L-NAME, indicating a nitric oxide-mediated pathway (Tatemoto et al 2001). In conscious rats, the effect is even less clear, with both increases and decreases in MABP being reported (Cheng et al 2003, Kagiyama et al 2005. Discrepancies among these reports may reflect the conscious state of the animal or the different apelin isoforms used in these studies; it is unknown which specific apelin peptide may be responsible for the (patho)-physiological roles of apelin.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Roles Of Apelin/apjmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, peripheral apelin may act as an antihypertensive factor , Ishida et al 2004, and sensitivity to the peripheral administration of apelin might be altered in hypertensive disease (Lee et al 2005). Central administration of (Pyr 1 )apelin-13 -the predominant apelin isoform in the cardiovascular system -increases MABP (Seyedabadi et al 2002, Kagiyama et al 2005. While i.c.v.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Roles Of Apelin/apjmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

O’Carroll

Lolait

Harris

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

288

216

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The apelin receptor (APJ; gene symbol APLNR) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor gene family. Neural gene expression patterns of APJ, and its cognate ligand apelin, in the brain implicate the apelinergic system in the regulation of a number of physiological processes. APJ and apelin are highly expressed in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, which regulates fluid homeostasis, in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which controls the neuroendocrine response to stress, and in the forebrain and lower brainstem regions, which are involved in cardiovascular function. Recently, apelin, synthesised and secreted by adipocytes, has been described as a beneficial adipokine related to obesity, and there is growing awareness of a potential role for apelin and APJ in glucose and energy metabolism. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, expression pattern and regulation of apelin and its receptor, as well as the main second messengers and signalling proteins activated by apelin. We also highlight the physiological and pathological roles that support this system as a novel therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention in treating conditions related to altered water balance, stress-induced disorders such as anxiety and depression, and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.

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Section: Apelin/apj and The Neuroendocrine Response To Stressmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Cardiovascular Roles Of Apelin/apjmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cardiovascular Roles Of Apelin/apjmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

O’Carroll

Lolait

Harris

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

288

216

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, it is worthwhile to keep it in mind that the reports on apelin's effects on blood pressure (BP) are varied. While there are studies, which showed decreased arterial pressure via a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism (32,33,34), there were reports showing an increased arterial pressure (33), biphasic change of mean arterial blood pressure (32), and lack of BP change following apelin administration (35). Dose, method of administration, experimental subject, could contribute to this variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of apelin increase plasma levels of nesfatin-1 in normal and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats

Akçılar¹,

Ayada²,

Turgut³

et al. 2015

BLL

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Aims:We aimed to observe the effects of apelin supplementation on the plasma levels of nesfatin-1 in DOCA-salt hypertensive and normal rats. Methods: For this purpose, 28 young Wistar albino male rats were divided into four groups; Control (C), Control + Apelin (C+A), Hypertension (HT) and Hypertension + Apelin (HT+A). Hypertension was induced by injection of DOCA-salt (25 mg/kg, s.c.) twice weekly, 4 weeks, whereas intraperitoneal apelin was administered (200 μg.kg -1 ) for 17 days. Plasma nesfatin-1 and apelin levels were measured with ELISA. Systolic blood pressure was monitored using a tail cuff system. The relationships between plasma nesfatin levels and blood pressure were assessed. Results: Plasma nesfatin-1 levels was found lower in control animals compared to C+A, HT and HT+A groups (p = 0.002, p = 0.026 and p = 0.011, respectively). Systolic blood pressures were similar in the C and C+A groups, but systolic blood pressures of the HT and HT+A groups was found signifi cantly higher than the C and C+A groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, apelin administration induced an increment of nesfatin-1 in normal rats and plasma levels of nesfatin-1 increase in DOCA-salt hypertension rats. But apelin addition in hypertension did not cause an extra increase in nesfatin-1 levels. This is the fi rst report to investigate the effect of apelin administration on plasma nesfatin levels of normal and hypertensive rats (Fig. 2, Ref. 44). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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“…Hypotension is not the unique response to the administration of apelin in vivo. Intravenous injections of 20 and 50 nmol of (pyr)apelin-13 induces dosedependent increases in arterial pressure and heart rate in conscious rats [62]. The presence of endothelium seems to be necessary for the vasodilator effect of apelin.…”

Section: Vasomotor Tonementioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system

et al. 2015

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Apelin is an endogenous peptide acting on the APJ receptor. It consists of several isoforms characterised by different numbers of aminoacids. The number of aminoacids in the active isoforms range from 36 to 12. Apelin-13 and, to a lesser extent, apelin-36 are considered the most active isoforms with the greatest activity on the cardiovascular homeostasis. The effects normally exerted by the basal level of endogenous apelin, can be enhanced not only by its up-regulation, but may also by its exogenous administration. The present review considers the effects of apelin on various aspects of the cardiovascular function, such as cardiac development, vasomotor tone, angiogenesis, myocardial inotropy in healthy and failing hearts as well as the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. Also the biphasic changes of apelin level during the evolution of heart failure are considered. Although the positive inotropic effect exerted by apelin in normal and failing hearts would suggest the use of this peptide in the treatment of heart failure, the limited duration and extent of its effect do not support this possibility, unless a long lasting (6 hours) infusion is performed to overcome the limit of its short life. However, although the data on the characteristics of the inotropic activity do not provide a strong support for the treatment of active heart failure, apelin may be used in the prevention of heart failure because of its activity in limiting the consequences of myocardial ischemia such as infarct size and cardiac remodeling. KeywordsApelin/APJ system, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, contractility, cardiac protection, Reninangiotensin system 2 The apelin/APJ system Apelin In 1998 Tatemoto et al. discovered the endogenous peptide capable of binding the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) APJ [1,2], which at that time was considered an orphan receptor becaue its ligand was unknown. The just discovered ligand was called, apelin e.g APj Endogenous LIgaNd. Apelin is expressed in hearts, lungs, kidneys, liver, adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, brain, adrenal glands, endothelium, and human plasma. The gene of apelin is located on chromosome X [3] and encodes a 77 aminoacid sequence called pre-pro-apelin [4]. Upon cleavage by a family of endopeptidases, pre-pro-apelin generates several C-terminal fragments of various size, which are classified on the basis of the number of aminoacids. The active isoforms range from 36 to 12 aminoacids. As fragments shorter than 12 aminoacids are biologically inactive, it appears evident that the Cterminal 12 aminoacids are essential for receptor binding, whereas the N-terminal sequence modulates the interaction with the receptor [5]. At present it is recognized that, although different isoforms display similar functions, active isoforms differ in tissue distribution, potency and receptor binding affinity [6]. Apelin-13 and, to a lesser extent, apelin-36 have been considered the most active isoforms with the greatest activity on the cardi...

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Central and peripheral cardiovascular actions of apelin in conscious rats

Cited by 102 publications

References 16 publications

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

Supplementation of apelin increase plasma levels of nesfatin-1 in normal and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats

Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system

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