Central and East European Diversification under New Gas Market Conditions

Weiner, Csaba

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2837202

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Again, this means that some of the western deliveries involve Russian long-term contract gas, and the remainder probably consists of Russian molecules but not from a Russian seller. This increased -29 -Csaba Weiner / Revisiting the management of stationary fuel supply security and gas diversification in Hungary amount of non-Russian gas has only appeared in the statistics to a limited extent (Weiner 2016).…”

Section: Natural Gas: Becoming More Diversified and Less Russia-depenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This also applies to Central and East European (CEE) EU member states, which have common concerns, primarily linked to being dependent on Russia for energy supplies. Gas is the most sensitive issue despite changing European gas markets (Weiner 2016), and also despite the many years that have passed since the 2009 Russian-Ukrainian gas crisis, which was the most serious gas supply security incident ever experienced in Europe and one of the most serious energy supply security incidents in general (Stern 2009). This warning signal has prompted EU countries to truly address the issues of security of supply and diversification, with the latter seen as a key to enhancing the former.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the Management of Stationary Fuel Supply Security and Gas Diversification in Hungary

Weiner

2019

SSRN Journal

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This paper aims to assess the security of stationary fuel supply in Hungary by applying the threedimensional approach, encompassing availability, affordability and sustainability. The main focus is on primary energy fuels in relation to electricity, but the approach is also applied, in part, to electricity itself. It is shown how select influencing factors affect the choices made from among security of supply dimensions. Although providing a source-by-source review, special attention is paid to nuclear energy and natural gas. For a long time, natural gas has been the fuel that Hungary is particularly sensitive to in terms of security of energy supply. Thus, gas diversification has become a key issue, analysed here also by using my own gas diversification scheme. I find that considerable progress has been made in this area. However, along with the 2014 decision on the construction of new units at the Paks Nuclear Power Plant (Paks II), aimed at achieving self-sufficiency in Hungarian electricity supplies, the energy agenda has changed considerably. With Paks II, Hungary's dependence will both decrease and increase-as new types of risks emerge. In such circumstances, a Nuclear-Solar/Biomass-Natural Gas concept of the electricity mix seems to be emerging in Hungary.

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Section: Natural Gas: Becoming More Diversified and Less Russia-depenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Management of Stationary Fuel Supply Security and Gas Diversification in Hungary

Weiner

2019

SSRN Journal

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“…According to the hard definition, energy or gas independence refers to independence from energy or gas imports (i.e. self-sufficiency) (Weiner, 2016), while the soft definition suggests that the aim is to have import source diversity, in order to reduce reliance on unstable and unfriendly nations (Branko, 2012;Stelzer, 2009). Seemingly, Poland understands independence in a very strict sense, but, as Bazilian et al (2013) conclude, this aim can promote suboptimal policy choices.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper is the second in a series assessing gas 1 diversification and the security of the supply of stationary fuels in selected Central and East European (CEE) EU member states (Hungary, Poland, Lithuania and Bulgaria). With in-depth case studies, this series underlines these countries' different conditions, various priorities, and thus differing energy policies, despite their common concerns, primarily linked to being dependent on Russia for energy supplies (Weiner, 2016). These differences have broad policy-oriented implications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Security of Energy Supply and Gas Diversification in Poland

Weiner

2018

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Poland entered the twenty-first century with an unsustainable energy/electricity mix, strongly overdependent on coal. This situation seems to be changing very slowly, while there are multiple factors that make it imperative for the issue to be urgently addressed. On the one hand, this paper aims to assess the security of the stationary fuel supply by applying the conventional three-dimensional approach, encompassing availability, affordability and sustainability. On the other, we plan to use our own scheme to analyse gas diversification (Weiner, 2017: 6), i.e. a fuel which, alongside coal, is a very sensitive issue linked to the security of the Polish electric power fuel supply. We demonstrate that the three-dimensional approach is also appropriate for addressing the issue of supply security in the case of a country with a securitized energy agenda based on fears of problems with the availability and affordability of Russian gas supplies. It also highlights Poland's concern over foreign technological reliance regarding renewables production. We show how the energy perspective, the institutional context, as well as perceptions regarding threat, dependence and Russia influence choices made from among different security of supply dimensions. We find that though the role of coal will surely decrease, there is great uncertainty about Poland's energy policy and security of supply because of deficiencies in infrastructure and the unknown future role of the particular fuels in the energy/electricity mix, also expected to include nuclear. We can observe that every energy policy step possible is being taken to maintain the role of coal, and Poland moves toward sustainability only as much and as soon as it is required by its EU membership. Not only does the coal industry capture Poland's energy policy, but also geopolitical considerations cement reliance on coal, providing low energy import dependence. Regarding gas, we find that since the January 2009 Russian-Ukrainian gas crisis, Poland has taken action to diversify its gas supplies, and it has finally achieved results, but there is still a lot of uncertainty surrounding Russian gas imports.

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