Centers of plant diversity and conservation of crop germ plasm: Safflower

Knowles, P. F.

doi:10.1007/bf02860678

Cited by 93 publications

(129 citation statements)

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“…tinctorius, Knowles (1969) proposed seven 'centers of similarity' (the Far East, India-Pakistan, the Middle East, Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia and Europe). Safflower lines native to each 'center' are remarkably similar in height, branching, spines, flower color and head size; however, consistent morphological differences are maintained between the centers (Chapman and Burke 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of Iranian safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers

Panahi

Neghab

2013

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) is valued as a source of high quality vegetable oil. 20 ISSR primers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 18 accessions of safflower collected from different geographical regions of Iran. The ISSR primers combinations revealed 57.6 % polymorphism, among 338 genetic loci amplified from the accessions. The sum of effective number of alleles and observed number of alleles were 29.76 and 36.77, respectively. To understand genetic relationships among these cultivars, Jacquards' similarity coefficient and UPGMA clustering algorithm were applied to the ISSR marker data set. ISSR markers grouped accessions into two main clusters and four sub clusters. Also, the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) supported the cluster analysis results. The results showed these genotypes have high genetic diversity, and can be used for alternative safflower breeding program.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of Iranian safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers

Panahi

Neghab

2013

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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“…Extensive empirical studies of interspecific hybridization of C. tinctorius with its wild relatives enable estimates of cross compatibility, provide information to predict potential hybridization and have been used to infer phylogenetic relationships within Carthamus (Kadam and Patankar 1942;Claassen 1950;Deshpande 1952;Ashri and Knowles 1960;Ashri and Efron 1964;Knowles and Schank 1964;Ashri and Rudich 1965;Knowles 1969Knowles , 1980Imrie and Knowles 1970;Khidir and Knowles 1970a, b;Imrie and Knowles 1971;Estilai andKnowles 1976, 1978;Estilai 1977;Heaton and Klisiewicz 1981;Kumar 1991;Jambhale 1994).…”

Section: Interspecific Hybridization Within Carthamusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 and 2; Deshpande 1952; Ashri and Knowles 1960;Ashri and Efron 1964;Ashri and Rudich 1965;Imrie and Knowles 1970;Knowles 1989). Natural (open-pollinated) hybrids of C. tinctorius (BB) and C. oxyacanthus (BB) demonstrate hybrid vigor (Table 3; Deshpande 1952) and have been documented in both Pakistan and India where they are sympatric (Deshpande 1952;Knowles 1969;Knowles and Ashri 1995) and also when they were grown together in a greenhouse (Knowles 1969;Knowles and Ashri 1995). Similar natural hybridization has been inferred between C. tinctorius (BB) and C. palaestinus (BB) in Israel, where these species are sympatric based on morphological comparisons of material from this region (Ashri and Rudich 1965;Knowles and Ashri 1995).…”

Section: Interspecific Hybridization Within Carthamusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L. and Carduncellus Adans. are endemic to the eastern and western Mediterranean Basin, respectively (Table 2; Knowles 1969;Vilatersana et al 2000).…”

Section: Geographic Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geographic areas with distinct centers of similarity for cultivated safflower, and the generalized characteristics of these varieties have been described (Knowles 1969;Ashri et al 1975). Both Knowles (1969) and Ashri et al (1975) noted that these groupings were based on generalizations and that gene flow by introductions of cultivars from different regions was ongoing and prevents complete divergence.…”

Section: Geographic Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical hybridization potential of transgenic safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with weedy relatives in the New World

McPherson¹,

Good²,

Topinka³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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safflower) is being evaluated as a crop for the production of plant-made pharmaceuticals using an oleosin fusion protein system. We evaluated the potential for transgenic gene flow from C. tinctorius to wild or weedy relatives in western Canada. Cytogenetic and phylogenetic studies with most of the species of Carthamus have demonstrated that cultivated C. tinctorius has the ability to hybridize with at least six wild or weedy relatives worldwide. Of the four naturalized wild relatives in the New World, only two, C. oxyacanthus and C. creticus, have successfully been crossed with C. tinctorius to produce fertile hybrids. Data from artificial crosses resulting in fertile offspring indicate the biological potential of a hybridization event, but only if the species are temporally and spatially sympatric can this occur. Based on the New World distribution of C. oxyacanthus and C. creticus we predict that hybridization with transgenic C. tinctorius could occur in some areas of Argentina, Chile and localities within several states in the United States including California, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Utah, and Texas. Locations in the New World where wild species of Carthamus have not been naturalized may provide biologically isolated locations for the cultivation of a transgenic safflower crop. On s'intéresse au carthame (Carthamus tinctorius L.) pour la production de substances pharmaceutiques végétales par le biais d'un système de protéines hybrides de l'oléosine. Les auteurs ont tenté d'évaluer les risques de flux génétique entre le carthame et les espèces sauvages ou adventices apparentées qu'on trouve dans l'ouest du Canada. Les études cytogénétiques et phylogénétiques sur la majorité des espèces du genre Carthamus indiquent que le carthame pourrait se reproduire avec au moins six espèces sauvages ou adventices dans le monde. Sur les quatre qui se sont acclimatées en Amérique, seules C. oxyacanthus et C. creticus ont donné des hybrides fertiles après croisement avec C. tinctorius. Les données sur les croisements qui ont abouti à des hybrides fertiles nous renseignent sur le potentiel biologique d'hybridation, mais un croisement ne peut survenir que si les deux espèces sont sympatriques dans le temps et l'espace. Compte tenu de l'aire de distribution de C. oxyacanthus et de C. creticus en Amérique, les auteurs estiment qu'il pourrait y avoir hybridation dans certaines parties de l'Argentine, du Chili et de plusieurs États américains, dont la Californie, la Floride, l'Illinois, le Kansas, le Nouveau-Mexique, l'Ohio, l'Oklahoma, l'Orégon, l'Utah et le Texas. Les endroits d'Amérique où les espèces sauvages du genre Carthamus ne se sont pas acclimatées pourraient constituer des endroits biologiquement isolés où l'on pourrait cultiver le carthame transgénique.

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Safflower

Babbar

Kaur

Walia

2008

Compendium of Transgenic Crop Plants

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The chapter deals with the biology, breeding, and transgene research of safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.), an important source of edible oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids. A brief description of its origin, domestication, introduction to other countries, current distribution, and major uses is followed by details about its habit, habitat, taxonomy, cytogenetics, genetic resources, and economic importance. Traditional breeding of this crop has primarily been carried out to improve the oil yield and quality, develop male sterile lines, and incorporate traits for resistance/tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Because of the assiduous and time‐consuming nature of the traditional breeding, efforts have been initiated to improve this crop by biotechnological methods, especially genetic transformation. Most of these studies are preliminary and demonstrative in nature, except two: one leading to the development of genetically transformed safflower capable of synthesizing insulin in its seeds and the other incorporating a gene coding for a specific esterase, capable of hydrolyzing a phototoxic from Alternaria carthami , a pathogen causing devastating leaf blight disease of safflower. Besides emphasizing the importance and implications of these studies, transgenes, transformation methods, and selection procedures utilized in such studies have been described. The chapter is concluded by discussing some of the future goals of transgene research on safflower, probable environmental risks because of the products so developed, and possible biosafety measures.

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Centers of plant diversity and conservation of crop germ plasm: Safflower

Cited by 93 publications

References 6 publications

Genetic characterization of Iranian safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers

Genetic characterization of Iranian safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers

Theoretical hybridization potential of transgenic safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with weedy relatives in the New World

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