Center of Mass Movement and Energy Transfer During Walking in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Bennett, Bradford C.; Abel, Mark F.; Wolovick, Adam; Franklin, Timothy C.; Allaire, Paul E.; Kerrigan, D. Casey

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2005.05.012

Cited by 78 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The increased effect of leg inclination, which reduced CoM excursion, is unlikely to have an overall positive effect on the gait of children with CP. The results of this study are in line with previous research [11] that show the peak in CoM height is delayed in children with CP. While this results in a reduced CoM excursion it also reflects the fact that the peak in potential energy occurs too late to allow optimal energy transfer between the potential and kinetic energies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This transfer is a major mechanism for energy conservation during walking. Previous work has shown that energy recovery in children with CP is only two-thirds of that in typically developing children [11] thus negating the positive effect of the reduced excursion. This point highlights the fact that the determinants of gait analysis does not provide insight into the poor motor timing or lack of propulsion in gait which are present in children with CP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Children with CP walk with a gait which characteristically uses two to three times as much energy as typically developing children [9], while walking at a slower self selected comfortable pace [10]. Our studies have demonstrated that the potential/kinetic energy exchange, a major energy saving mechanism of gait, is less efficient in children with CP [11]. This poor energy exchange is in part created by a larger CoM vertical excursion, and thus potential energy variation, than is seen in typically developing children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Determinants of gait as applied to children with cerebral palsy

et al. 2007

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Determinants of gait as applied to children with cerebral palsy

et al. 2007

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“…Before this study, although energy recovery had been used to examine the effect of aging [18], patients with different disorders [2,10] and knee OA [9,27], the effects of hip and ankle OA have not been explored in this context. One of the goals for patient care and treatment for individuals with OA is to establish gait patterns that allow normal activities to be conducted with minimal pain and fatigue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When energy exchange is efficient, it can reduce the amount of muscular effort needed to accelerate and decelerate the center of mass [4-7, 11, 12, 14, 15, 19]. Energy exchange is affected by age and disease [2,10,13,18,27,28]. However, the effect of OA in all three major lower extremity joints on the mechanical work of the center of mass is poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hip, Knee, and Ankle Osteoarthritis Negatively Affects Mechanical Energy Exchange

Queen

Sparling

Schmitt

2016

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) of the lower limb find normal locomotion tiring compared with individuals without OA, possibly because OA of any lower limb joint changes limb mechanics and may disrupt transfer of potential and kinetic energy of the center of mass during walking, resulting in increased locomotor costs. Although recovery has been explored in asymptomatic individuals and in some patient populations, the effect of changes in these gait parameters on center of mass movements and mechanical work in patients with OA in specific joints has not been well examined. The results can be used to inform clinical interventions and rehabilitation that focus on improving energy recovery. Questions/purposes We hypothesized that (1) individuals with end-stage lower extremity OA would exhibit a decrease in walking velocity compared with asymptomatic individuals and that the joint affected with OA would differntially influence walking velocity, (2) individuals with end-stage lower extremity OA would show decreased energy recovery compared with asymptomatic individuals and that individuals with end-stage hip and ankle OA would have greater reductions in recovery than would individuals with end-stage knee OA owing to restrictions in hip and ankle motion, and (3) that differences in the amplitude and congruity of the center of mass would explain the differences in energy recovery that are observed in each population. Methods Ground reaction forces at a range of self-selected walking speeds were collected from individuals with end-stage radiographic hip OA (n = 27; 14 males, 13 females; average age, 55.6 years; range, 41-70 years), knee OA (n = 20; seven males, 13 females; average age, 61.7 years; range, 49-74 years), ankle OA (n = 30; 14 males, 16 females; average age, 57 years; range, 45-70 years), and asymptomatic individuals (n = 13; eight males, five females; average age, 49.8 years; range, 41-67 years). Participants were all patients with end-stage OA who were scheduled to have joint replacement surgery within 4 weeks of testing. All patients were identified by the orthopaedic surgeon as having end-stage radiographic disease and to be a candidate for joint replacement surgery. Patients were excluded if they had pain at any other lower Each author certifies that he or she, or a member of his or her immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1 editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1 neither advocates nor endorses the use of any treatment, drug, or device. Readers are encouraged to always seek additional information, including FDAapproval status, of any drug or device prior to clinical use. Each author certifies that his or...

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Center of mass motion and the effects of ankle bracing on metabolic cost during submaximal walking trials

et al. 2006

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The goal of this research was to examine the relationship between center of mass (CoM) motion and metabolic cost and to assess secondarily the effects of equinus gait on metabolic cost during walking trials at various velocities. Twelve (n ¼ 12) healthy male adults walked in four brace conditions, including fixed equinus, at three different walking speeds. Metabolic measures and 3D kinematic data were collected during each trial. Significant main effects for velocity were observed on both dependent measures, net O 2 cost ( p < 0.001), and CoM vertical excursion (CoMz) ( p < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between net O 2 cost and CoMz that were strongest at fast velocities. Further, analysis revealed the cost of walking at a comfortable speed in the equine position was 28% greater than walking in braces without springs or springs in neutral position and 64% greater than walking in shoes alone. CoMz does correlate with metabolic cost as measured by net O 2 cost. Also, normal subjects walking in equinus have an increased net O 2 cost and increased CoMz when compared to walking with shoes alone or the other brace conditions at all velocities. ß

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Center of Mass Movement and Energy Transfer During Walking in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Cited by 78 publications

References 20 publications

Determinants of gait as applied to children with cerebral palsy

Determinants of gait as applied to children with cerebral palsy

Hip, Knee, and Ankle Osteoarthritis Negatively Affects Mechanical Energy Exchange

Center of mass motion and the effects of ankle bracing on metabolic cost during submaximal walking trials

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