Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington DC, USA

Abstract

The Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) is a private, nonprofit organization dedicated to the application of research on language and culture to educational and societal concerns. Through its work in research, information dissemination, development of instructional materials and language tests, and professional development and technical assistance to schools, districts, and states, CAL serves as a liaison between the academic world of research and the practical world of language education and language-related concerns. CAL plays a leading role in articulating language-and culture-related issues that affect policy decisions; conducting research on language use, language learning, and effective teaching methods; and translating research into practical applications that help language learners succeed.CAL is involved in a variety of research areas related to language, ranging across age, language background, and educational settings for language teaching and learning. Research studies are funded by the US government, private foundations, and state education agencies. The following summaries represent a selection of recent and ongoing research projects related to K-12 (elementary and secondary) English as a second language (ESL) education, and elementary through adult foreign language instruction. Within these two areas of language education research, CAL's work covers such topics as instructional methodology, language assessment, effective program models, and national trends in language learning. (For more information on CAL, visit www.cal.org.)

Hardiness, leadership style and gender as predictors of leader performance in military academy cadets

“…This is not very different from the present sample, with 13.4% women. In more recent years, the percentage of women entering West Point has increased somewhat to an average of 23%, perhaps as a function of a 2015 policy change that opened the door for women to serve in combat arms type units, thus providing greater job and promotion opportunities (Moore, 2020). In the U.S. military as a whole, the percentage of women has been inching up over the years, but is still only 17.3% (U.S. Department of Defense, 2022).…”

Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington DC, USA

“…In a previous Research in Progress article (Moore & Sugarman 2010), CAL reported on a study of the perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes of users of the TOEFL® Internet-based Test (iBT), which is used to assess the academic English proficiency of students seeking to study in English-speaking universities. The goal of this study was to gather information from university administrators, instructors, and students about the TOEFL® iBT as a measure of academic language ability.…”