Centennial eolian cyclicity in the Great Plains, USA: a dominant climate pattern of wind transport over the past 4000 years?

Schwalb, Antje; Dean, Walter E.; Fritz, Sherilyn C.; Geiss, C. E.; Kromer, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.007

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…yr BP indicating a change of boundary conditions. The increase in wind activity during the past 250 years was also recorded at Pickerel Lake (Schwalb et al, 2010) and corresponded with records along the coast of Maine (Buynevich et al, 2007), which show increased wind intensity, inferred from OSL dated paleoscarps, during the past 500 years, preceded by a 1000-year long calm period. Furthermore, Hubeny et al (2006) interpreted post-'Little Ice Age' Pettaquamscutt River varves, three times thicker than the 'Medieval Warm Period' varves in New England, to reflect intensification of NAO and northward heat flux.…”

Section: Evidence For Paleowinds From 4500 Cal Yr Bp To the Presentsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…yr BP to present. As in our study site, reconstructed wind activity in Pickerel Lake showed centennial cycles possibly related to solar activity (Schwalb et al, 2010). A 200 year cycle was also present in the varve thickness of Elk Lake, which is reflected in eolian inputs that might be related to solar activity (Anderson, 1993).…”

Section: Evidence For Paleowinds From 4500 Cal Yr Bp To the Presentsupporting

confidence: 52%

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Diatom-inferred wind activity at Lac du Sommet, southern Québec, Canada: A multiproxy paleoclimate reconstruction based on diatoms, chironomids and pollen for the past 9500 years

et al. 2011

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Paleo surface wind for southern Quebec was inferred quantitatively for the past 9500 years from diatom assemblages archived in the sediment of the shallow mountain Lac du Sommet using biweekly sediment trap samples along an elevation gradient in the study area. The wind reconstruction was compared with diatom-inferred dissolved organic carbon concentration, chironomid-inferred mean August air temperature, pollen, grain size and loss-on-ignition. Increased lake circulation, interpreted as indicating stronger surface winds, was inferred from diatoms around 8700, 4500, 3000 to 2000 cal. yr BP and during the past 250 years. Increased lake stratification was diatom-inferred from 7500 to 5000 cal. yr BP and between 1500 and 500 cal. yr BP. Diatom-inferred paleowinds were congruent with the regional fire history. In general, diatom production was significantly correlated with diatom-inferred lake circulation. Diatom-inferred lake circulation and diatom production were not correlated with the pollen assemblage changes, diatom-inferred dissolved organic carbon and chironomid-inferred August air temperature, which were highly intercorrelated. After the disappearance of the meltwater in the St Lawrence River valley, the chironomids reflected a warming trend that lasted until about 5000 cal. yr BP, trees replaced shrubs and diatom-inferred dissolved organic carbon increased from 4 mg/l to 6 mg/l. Diatom-inferred lake circulation exhibited periodicities of 200 and 900 years, whereas chironomid-inferred August air temperatures indicated a distinct (significant) 200 year periodicity.

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Section: Evidence For Paleowinds From 4500 Cal Yr Bp To the Presentsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Evidence For Paleowinds From 4500 Cal Yr Bp To the Presentsupporting

confidence: 52%

Diatom-inferred wind activity at Lac du Sommet, southern Québec, Canada: A multiproxy paleoclimate reconstruction based on diatoms, chironomids and pollen for the past 9500 years

et al. 2011

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“…The MCA was overall both warmer and drier than the present in the midcontinent and Upper Great Plains region of the U.S. (Dean, 1997;Dean and Schwalb, 2000;Laird et al, 1996;Nordt et al, 2007;Schwalb et al, 2010;Yu and Ito, 1999). These conditions were caused by a change in large-scale atmospheric processes (Diffenbaugh et al, 2006).…”

Section: Medieval Climate Anomaly In the Great Plainsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Most of the existing paleoclimate studies in the region examine more general climatic conditions. Existing regional analyses from studies on dune fields (Nicholson and Swinehart, 2005;Schmeisser et al, 2010;Schwalb et al, 2010), lake sediment cores (Dean and Schwalb, 2000;Fritz et al, 2000;Laird et al, 1996;Shapley et al, 2005), tree-rings (Shapley et al, 2005;Weakly, 1943), and buried soils (Fredlund and Tieszen, 1997) indicate that in the Great Plains region, the late Holocene was a time of alternating wet and dry cycles resulting in changing forest vegetation characteristics. These changes likely resulted from large-scale shifts in atmospheric circulation patterns (Cook et al, 2011;Schmeisser et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Holocene flood probabilities in the Black Hills, South Dakota with emphasis on the Medieval Climate Anomaly

Harden

O'Connor

Driscoll

2015

CATENA

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“…Additionally, extremely arid phases with discontinuous vegetation and bare ground have been found to prompt soil mobilization at some locations across the Great Plains (Miao et al, 2007;Schmieder et al, 2013) which could have destabilized the landscape and further complicated the relationships between grassland vegetation and fire. In lacustrine sediments, magnetic susceptibility has become an increasingly utilized proxy for interpreting erosion activity during different phases of wet and dry conditions, although interpretation is not always straightforward (Geiss et al, 2003(Geiss et al, , 2004Lascu et al, 2012;Schwalb et al, 2010). Magnetic susceptibility values can vary greatly depending on the severity of drought, from high levels during severe droughts to low levels in moderate droughts (Lascu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Great Plains vegetation dynamics in response to fire and climatic fluctuations during the Holocene at Fox Lake, Minnesota (USA)

et al. 2015

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Vegetation composition and fire frequency are tightly linked in North American grasslands and have varied considerably throughout the Holocene in response to different drivers. Yet, detailed records of both long-term changes in grassland vegetation composition and diversity, coupled with fire history, are still relatively sparse. In this study, we examine a sediment core from Fox Lake, Minnesota, using pollen, charcoal, magnetic susceptibility, organic carbon (%C), and silica (%Si) records with the aim of understanding grassland structure and function during the Holocene, particularly in the context of vegetation composition and diversity, erosion, and fire activity. Nonarboreal pollen comprises between 37% and 86% of the assemblage throughout the record with the largest percentages occurring during the mid-Holocene (~8000–4000 yr BP). The pollen record also suggests that at 8200 yr BP, there was an abrupt shift from oak-elm woodland to a more open landscape of grassland or savanna, which remained throughout the mid-Holocene. Additionally, the pollen data suggest that vegetation composition exhibited little change in diversity through time despite recurring fire. Charcoal concentrations varied from 30 to nearly 1200 particles cm−3, indicating changes in relative amount of biomass burned, but the morphotypes of charcoal pieces indicate that woody fuels persisted during the mid-Holocene despite the apparent grassland-dominated landscape. Magnetic susceptibility in the sediment ranges from −0.9 to 22.4 (×10−5 SI) throughout the record, with the biggest increase occurring as the vegetation shifted from woodland to grassland entering the mid-Holocene. Organic carbon ranges from 4.6% to 20.0% and exhibits a slow but steady increase after the 8200 yr BP event. Silica decreases slightly but remains generally high between 20.4% and 22.5%.

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Centennial eolian cyclicity in the Great Plains, USA: a dominant climate pattern of wind transport over the past 4000 years?

Cited by 6 publications

References 156 publications

Diatom-inferred wind activity at Lac du Sommet, southern Québec, Canada: A multiproxy paleoclimate reconstruction based on diatoms, chironomids and pollen for the past 9500 years

Diatom-inferred wind activity at Lac du Sommet, southern Québec, Canada: A multiproxy paleoclimate reconstruction based on diatoms, chironomids and pollen for the past 9500 years

Late Holocene flood probabilities in the Black Hills, South Dakota with emphasis on the Medieval Climate Anomaly

Great Plains vegetation dynamics in response to fire and climatic fluctuations during the Holocene at Fox Lake, Minnesota (USA)

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