Centenarians – a useful model for healthy aging? A 29‐year follow‐up of hospitalizations among 40 000 Danes born in 1905

Engberg, Henriette; Oksuzyan, Anna; Jeune, Bernard; Vaupel, James W.; Christensen, Kaare

doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00474.x

Cited by 112 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Drei Viertel der dänischen Hundertjäh-rigen wurden in diesem Zeitraum wegen Pneumonie, Herzinfarkt, Schlaganfall, bösartigen Neubildungen und/oder Brü-chen im Hüftbereich behandelt. Trotz dieses hohen Ausmaßes an Morbidität kön-nen Hundertjährige als Modell gesunden Alterns angesehen werden: Im Vergleich zu den Mitgliedern ihrer Geburtskohorte (1905, Dänemark), die kein so hohes Alter erreichten, wiesen sie in jüngeren Jahren weniger und kürzere Krankenhausaufenthalte auf [18].…”

Section: Gesundheit Und Krankheit Im Hohen Und Höchsten Alterunclassified

Das Leben der Hochaltrigen

Rott

Jopp

2012

Bundesgesundheitsbl.

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Demographic change is increasingly determined by development associated with very old age. The reduction of mortality in very old age will continue, so that an age between 80 and 100 years will become common. Present research findings suggest that, with respect to their physical resources, humans are not well equipped for a very long life. Very old individuals are characterized by a high prevalence of chronic diseases and functional limitations that endanger independent living. Centenarians are faced with these restrictions to a large extent. In contrast to increasing physical constraints, old and very old individuals' psyche seems to be rather robust. Well-being and valuation of life reveal only little decline up to the highest ages. Of particular importance are psychological strengths, which include adaptive strategies and self-referent convictions. They remain relatively stable even in very old age and seem to balance the effects of diseases, resource restrictions and loss.

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Section: Gesundheit Und Krankheit Im Hohen Und Höchsten Alterunclassified

Das Leben der Hochaltrigen

Rott

Jopp

2012

Bundesgesundheitsbl.

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“…There is also increasing evidence to support the existence of various factors (historically known as phosphatonins) that directly control the renal excretion of phosphorus, and elucidation of their precise role in the regulation of phosphorus metabolism is an area of active research [20,29,30] . These hormones and novel factors act on the primary target organs, bone, kidney, parathyroid glands and intestine to regulate systemic mineral metabolism ( table 1 ).…”

Section: Normal Phosphate Homeostasis and Alterations In Ckdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that increased serum FGF-23 and PTH, and decreased calcitriol levels precede the onset of clinical hyperphosphatemia during CKD progression ( fig. 1 ) [29,30] . In this regard, phosphaturic hormones are able to maintain normal levels of serum phosphate during the early stages of kidney disease [31][32][33] .…”

Section: Normal Phosphate Homeostasis and Alterations In Ckdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Metabolism in Cardiorenal Metabolic Disease

Gupta

Brietzke²,

Hayden³

et al. 2011

Cardiorenal Med

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Hyperphosphatemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, abnormalities of mineral metabolism and bone disease, and the progression of renal insufficiency in patients with chronic renal disease. In early renal disease, serum phosphate levels are maintained within the 'normal laboratory range' by compensatory increases in phosphaturic hormones such as fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23). An important co-factor for FGF-23 is Klotho; a deficiency in Klotho plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hyperphosphatemia, renal tubulointerstitial disease, and parathyroid and bone abnormalities. Clinical hyperphosphatemia occurs when these phosphaturic mechanisms cannot counterbalance nephron loss. Hyperphosphatemia is associated with calcific uremic arteriolopathy and uremic cardiomyopathy, which may explain, in part, the epidemiologic connections between phosphate excess and cardiovascular disease. However, no clinical trials have been conducted to establish a causal relationship, and large, randomized trials with hard endpoints are urgently needed to prove or disprove the benefits and risks of therapy. In summary, hyperphosphatemia accelerates renal tubulointerstitial disease, renal osteodystrophy, as well as cardiovascular disease, and it is an important mortality risk factor in patients with chronic kidney disease.

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“…It has been shown that many centenarians have been healthy or well functioning throughout most of their lives; thus, centenarians represent a useful model for delayed aging [22]. Contemporary populations are subjected to rapid population aging; so identifying the pathways to healthy longevity are of particular importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Developments in the Biodemography of Aging and Longevity

Gavrilov

Gavrilova

2014

Gerontology

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Biodemography is a promising scientific approach based on using demographic data and methods for getting insights into biological mechanisms of observed processes. Recently, new important developments have happened in biodemographic studies of aging and longevity that call into question conventional aging theories and open up novel research directions. Recent studies found that the exponential increase of the mortality risk with age (the famous Gompertz law) continues even at extreme old ages in humans, rats, and mice, thus challenging traditional views about old-age mortality deceleration, mortality leveling-off, and late-life mortality plateaus. This new finding represents a challenge to many aging theories, including the evolutionary theory that explains senescence by a declining force of natural selection with age. Innovative ideas are needed to explain why exactly the same exponential pattern of mortality growth is observed not only at reproductive ages, but also at very-old postreproductive ages (up to 106 years), long after the force of natural selection becomes negligible (when there is no room for its further decline). Another important recent development is the discovery of long-term ‘memory' for early-life experiences in longevity determination. Siblings born to young mothers have significantly higher chances to live up to 100 years, and this new finding, confirmed by two independent research groups, calls for its explanation. As recent studies found, even the place and season of birth matter for human longevity. Beneficial longevity effects of young maternal age are observed only when children of the same parents are compared, while the maternal age effect often could not be detected in across-families studies, presumably being masked by between-family variation. It was also found that male gender of centenarian has a significant positive effect on the survival of adult male biological relatives (brothers and fathers) but not of female relatives. Finally, large gender differences are found in longevity determinants for males and females, suggesting a higher importance of occupation history for male centenarians as well as a higher importance of home environment history for female centenarians.

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Centenarians – a useful model for healthy aging? A 29‐year follow‐up of hospitalizations among 40 000 Danes born in 1905

Cited by 112 publications

References 37 publications

Das Leben der Hochaltrigen

Das Leben der Hochaltrigen

Phosphate Metabolism in Cardiorenal Metabolic Disease

New Developments in the Biodemography of Aging and Longevity

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