Centaureauysalii (Cyanus/Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey

Abstract

lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, involucre ovoid or ovoid-subglobose, radiant; appendages decurrent, ciliate, not ending in mucro or mucronulate, laceration absent, with blackish or brownish border, usually ovateoblong or ovate-triangular; florets usually violet or blue, rarely whitish, yellowish, pink, or red; marginal florets with 5-6 lobes, sterile, without staminodes, central flowers hermaphrodite; achenes generally ovoid-oblong, insertion areole hairy, mostly with pappus, pappus scabrose or barbellate-scabrose (Wagenitz, 1975). During our field study, some specimens belonging to subgenus Cyanus were collected and then identified according to Flora of Turkey (Wagenitz, 1975). Some clear morphological differences between the collected specimens and C. bourgaei enabled us to describe them as a new species. 2. Materials and methods The new species material was compared to the herbarium collections of Centaurea in ANK, HUB, GAZI, ISTF, ISTE, and KNYA (acronyms follow Thiers, 2018). The morphology of the specimens was examined under a binocular microscope, and the specimens were compared with closely related species: C. bourgaei, C. pichleri, and C. reuteriana. Moreover, the type specimens of the related species were viewed as digital photographs. The achenes of 2 species were dehydrated in an alcohol series (70%, 80%, 96%, and 100%) for cleaning and coated with gold for viewing under a ZEISS EVO LS-10 model scanning electron microscope (SEM) on high-vacuum mode to observe their surfaces at magnifications of 30×, 1000×, and 2000×. The terminology of the achene characteristics was according to Stearn (1995) and Koul et al. (2000). Mature achenes were selected and germinated for chromosomal analysis. Counting of the chromosomes was conducted during the somatic metaphase using the squash technique. Primer root meristems were used to obtain the metaphase plates. The samples were pretreated with 0.002 M 8-hydroxyquinoline for 8 h at 4 °C and then fixed with Carnoy's solution for 24 h at a low temperature. Prior to dyeing, the material was hydrolyzed with 5N HCl for 30 min at room temperature and stained with 1% acetoneorcein. The preparates were made permanent according to the method of Bowen (1956). At least 5 metaphases were examined and the best image was photographed at Research Article This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

'Centaurea akcadaghensis' and 'C. ermenekensis' (Asteracaeae), two new species from Turkey

“…Many of these characters are used to identify different species in the subgenus Cyanus (Wagenitz, 1975). These characters have been used to define a new stable species within the already known species, and they have also been used to describe some other species (Kaya & Bancheva, 2009;;Ranjbar & Negaresh 2012;Ranjbar et al 2013aRanjbar et al -2013bBancheva & Kaya, 2015;Kaya & Özel, 2017;Kaya et al 2018;Şirin et al, 2019). The main differences are presented in Table 1.…”

“…Centaurea L. (in broad sense) was represented by 194 taxa in the Check List of Flora of Turkey (Uysal, 2012) and since then, the number of taxa has reached 204, with the latest additions (Bona, 2015;Yüzbaşıoğlu et al, 2015;Kültür et al, 2016;Uysal et al, 2016;Uysal & Hamzaoğlu 2017;Behçet et al, 2017;Armağan & Uysal 2018;Şirin et al, 2019). Therefore, the endemism of the genus has reached 59%.…”

“…Cass. ex Hayek is distributed throughout central and southern Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, and the Caucasus, with some species appearing as far east as Iran and Afghanistan, and it currently includes 36 species (Hellwig, 2004;Bancheva & Stoyanov, 2009, Kaya & Bancheva, 2009Boršić et al 2011;Ranjbar & Negaresh 2012;Olšavská et al 2013;Ranjbar et al 2013aRanjbar et al -2013bBancheva & Kaya, 2015;Stoyanov, 2016;Kaya & Özel, 2017;Kaya et al 2018;Şirin et al, 2019).…”

A new species of Centaurea L. subgen. Cyanus Mill. (Asteraceae) from Turkey

“…Subgenus Cyanus is distributed throughout central and southern Europe, North Africa, Anatolia, and the Caucasus, with some species appearing as far east as Iran and Afghanistan, and it currently includes 38 species (Hellwig 2004;Kaya & Bancheva 2009;Boršić et al 2011;Olšavská et al 2013;Stoyanov 2016;Kaya & Ozel 2017;Kaya et al 2018;Negaresh 2018;Şirin et al 2019b, 2020.…”

“…In Turkey, Cyanus was reclassified as a subgenus (Ertuğrul et al 2018) according to molecular studies (Boršıć et al 2011;Hılpold et al 2014a, b) and so we have opted for Cyanus as a subgenus. The present study focuses on the detailed karyological, morphological and micromorphological features used to characterize a new species in Centaurea subgenus Cyanus (Wagenitz 1975;Şirin et al 2019b, 2020.…”