Cenozoic tectonic evolution of southeastern Thailand derived from low-temperature thermochronology

Nachtergaele, Simon; Glorie, Stijn; Morley, C.K.; Charusiri, Punya; Kanjanapayont, Pitsanupong; Vermeesch, Pieter; Carter, Andrew; Ranst, Gerben Van; Grave, Johan De

doi:10.1144/jgs2018-167

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…Simplified cooling histories of the potential source terrains supplying sediment to the Gulf of Thailand and Sunda Shelf. Kinabalu‐Sabah is from Cottam, Hall, Sperber, et al (2013), Rajang‐Sarawak is from Hutchison et al (2000), Peninsular Malaysia is from Upton (1999) and Sautter et al (2019), Peninsular Thailand from Sautter et al (2019), Western Thailand is from Upton (1999), Eastern Thailand is from Upton (1999), SE Thailand is from Nachtergaele et al (2020), Cambodia is from Fyhn et al (2016) and southern Indochina is from Carter et al (2000). Coloured horizontal bands show the partial annealing zones for a series of low‐temperature thermochronometers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermochronologic data from the Malay Peninsula are from Krähenbuhl (1991), Cottam, Hall, and Ghani (2013) and Kassa et al (2019), while constraints from peninsular Thailand are from Upton (1999) and Sautter et al (2019). Upton (1999) also provides regional control over much of Thailand, but with additional detail in SE Thailand derived from Nachtergaele et al (2020) (see Figure 2 to show where specific areas are located). Carter et al (2000) supply thermal models for southern Indochina, with Fyhn et al (2016) adding constraints from Cambodia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Syn‐ and post‐rift lower crustal flow under the Sunda Shelf, southern Vietnam: A role for climatically modulated erosion

Clift

Wilson

2023

Basin Research

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Tectonic subsidence on rifted, passive continental margins are largely controlled by patterns of extension and the nature of strain partitioning in the lithosphere. The Sunda Shelf, adjacent to the SW South China Sea, is characterized by deep basins linked to regional Cenozoic extension associated with propagating seafloor spreading caused by slab pull from the south. Analysis of seismic reflection profiles and drilled sections crossing the Nam Con Son and Cuu Long basins highlight Oligocene extension, with most of the thinning concentrated in the ductile mid‐lower crust. Upper crustal extension was modest and ductile flow is inferred to be directed northwestwards, towards the oceanic crust. Basin inversion occurred in the Mid Miocene, associated with the collision of the Dangerous Grounds Block and Borneo. Subsequent accelerated tectonic subsidence exceeded predictions from uniform extension models assumed to relate to extensional collapse after inversion. We correlate this to a period of faster erosion onshore driven by strong monsoon rains in Indochina and Peninsular Thailand at that time. Erosion of the onshore basement, inducing rock uplift and coupled with loading of the basins offshore, drives ductile mid‐lower crustal flow, likely to the northeast under Indochina, and/or to the west where Plio‐Pleistocene subsidence of the shelf is very slow. Significant sediment delivery from the Mekong River into the Cuu Long Basin began in the Late Miocene and migrated seawards as the basin filled. Mass balancing suggests that the basins of this part of the Sunda Shelf are filled through erosion of bedrock sources around the Gulf of Thailand. There is no need for sediment delivery from a major river draining the Tibetan Plateau to account for the deposited volumes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syn‐ and post‐rift lower crustal flow under the Sunda Shelf, southern Vietnam: A role for climatically modulated erosion

Clift

Wilson

2023

Basin Research

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“…For this study we applied the AFT external detector method (Hurford and Green, 1982;Fleisher et al, 1975) based on the standard procedures used at the fission track laboratory at Ghent University (described by e.g. De Pelsmaeker et al, 2015;Nachtergaele et al, 2020;Van Ranst et al, 2020a). Grains (150-250 per sample) were hand-picked and mounted in Struers CaldoFix-2 epoxy resin, after which they were grinded on SiC paper and polished using diamond suspension (6 μm, 3 μm and 1 μm).…”

Section: Samples and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Phanerozoic evolution of cratonic and non-cratonic lithosphere from a thermochronological perspective: São Francisco Craton and marginal orogens (Brazil)

et al. 2021

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The São Francisco Craton (SFC) and its marginal Araçuaí and Brasília orogens exhibit a significant diversity in their lithospheric architecture. These orogens were shaped during the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian amalgamation of West Gondwana. The rigid cratonic lithosphere of the SFC and the relatively weak lithosphere of the Araçuaí Orogen were disrupted during the Cretaceous opening of the South Atlantic Ocean, whereas the Brasília Orogen remained in the continental hinterland. In earlier research, the thermal effects of the Phanerozoic reactivations in the shallow crust of the Araçuaí Orogen have been revealed by low-temperature thermochronology, mainly by apatite fission track (AFT) analysis. However, analyses from the continental interior are scarce. Here we present new AFT data from forty-three samples from the Brasília Orogen, the SFC and the Araçuaí Orogen, far from the passive margin of the Atlantic coast (~150 to 800 km). Three main periods of basement exhumation were identified: (i) Paleozoic, recorded both by samples from the SFC and Brasília Orogen; (ii) Early Cretaceous to Cenomanian, recorded by samples from the Araçuaí Orogen; and (iii) Late Cretaceous to Paleocene, inferred in samples from all domains. We compare the differential exhumation pattern of the different geotectonic provinces with their lithospheric strengths. We suggest that the SFC likely concentrated the Meso-Cenozoic reactivations in narrow weak zones while the Araçuaí Orogen displayed a far-reaching Meso-Cenozoic deformation. The Brasília Orogen seems to be an example of a stronger orogenic lithosphere, inhibiting reworking, confirmed by our new AFT data. Understanding the role of the lithosphere rigidity may be decisive to comprehend the processes of differential denudation and the tectonic-morphological evolution over Phanerozoic events.

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“…However, changing direction of fault movement may have formed. So, , the Three Pagoda fault and Mae Ping fault changed to Dextral strike-slip movement (Huchon et al, 1994;Lacassin et al, 1997;Morley et al, 2004;Upton, 1999) and initiation of an inversion of the Ranong and the Khlong Marui fault (Nachtergaele et al, 2017;Watkinson et al, 2011;Watkinson et al, 2008).…”

Section: Tectonic Implication Of the Phu Phan Mountain Range And Adjo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several AFT age data are clear in the western peninsular Thailand (or Andaman sea side) as well as the western region of Thailand (high mountainous area) (Nachtergaele et al, 2017). It is considered that uplift or exhumation may have been more developed in Indochina prior to that of the Shan-Thai (or Sibumasu).…”

Section: Tectonic Implication Of the Phu Phan Mountain Range And Adjo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apatite Fission Track Dating of Mesozoic Siliciclastic Rocks From Khorat Group in Phu Phan Mountain Range, Northeastern Thailand

Veeravinantanakul

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Field and remote-sensing investigations have been performed for mapping the Mesozoic siliciclastic rocks of the Phu Phan Ranges (PPR), northeastern Thailand. Stratigraphically, the PPR study area has been remapped and is occupied by 5 distinct successive formations, including the Phu Kradung Formation with the average thickness of 93 m, the Phra Wihan Formation with the average thickness of 64 m, the Sao Khua Formation with the average thickness of 63 m, the Phu Phan with the average thickness of 84 m, and the Khok Kruat with the average thickness of 49 m. Results on field and remote sensing analyses reveal that the PPR rocks are structurally deformed into series of anticlines and synclines with the NW-SE trend. Geological transects have been performed over the PPR study area. It has been recognized that the major fold has been displaced by NE-SW, short left-lateral strike slip faults. A total of 21 samples of the Khorat Group rocks have been collected for petrographic and apatite fission track (AFT) analyses. Petrographically, all the samples are very fine- to medium-grained sandstones, viz. feldspathic litharenite and litharenite. The sandstone petrography and modal analysis of quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragments points to the provenance of recycled orogen. It is considered that the source regions are the Loei-Phetchabun and the Truong Son Belts. The studied samples have essentially clastic textures with siliceous and calcareous cements and contain abundant quartz (av. 72.7%) with minor feldspar (av. 3.6%) and rock fragments (av. 23.7%). Apatite and zircon are significant accessories. Apatite invariably forms long prismatic habits and occurs as discrete detrital grains. About 120 grains from qualified 6 samples have been analyzed for fission track dating. The current AFT result from this study along with those of the previous studies reveals an interesting scenario. Three age ranges of the PPR and surrounding regions have been recognized viz., 78 to 60 Ma, 55 to 42 Ma, and about 37 Ma. The first episode (78 ? 60 Ma) corresponds to the tectonic movement in response to the NE?SW compressive stress within the Khorat region, giving rise to the major deformed structure in the study area. Perhaps the Phu Phan anticlinal structures have been formed. Two successive basins within the Khorat region may have been developed at this stage. The second episode (55 ? 42 Ma) indicates an extensive exhumation (major uplift and erosion) developed within the whole Khorat region, becoming a Khorat Plateau. The final episode about 37 Ma is marked by the minor movement along the strike-slip fault which slightly displaced the Phu Phan anticlinal structure in response to the clock-wise rotation of the Indochina block. The AFT results from this current and previous studies advocate an average exhumation rate of the Phu Phan Mountain range to be ca. 0.0139 mm/yr (or 13.9 m/Ma).

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Cenozoic tectonic evolution of southeastern Thailand derived from low-temperature thermochronology

Cited by 8 publications

References 104 publications

Syn‐ and post‐rift lower crustal flow under the Sunda Shelf, southern Vietnam: A role for climatically modulated erosion

Syn‐ and post‐rift lower crustal flow under the Sunda Shelf, southern Vietnam: A role for climatically modulated erosion

Differential Phanerozoic evolution of cratonic and non-cratonic lithosphere from a thermochronological perspective: São Francisco Craton and marginal orogens (Brazil)

Apatite Fission Track Dating of Mesozoic Siliciclastic Rocks From Khorat Group in Phu Phan Mountain Range, Northeastern Thailand

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