Cement stabilized rammed earth as a sustainable construction material

Kariyawasam, K.K.G.K.D.; Jayasinghe, C

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.189

Cited by 131 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the past decades, vernacular construction techniques (e.g., bhatar, gabion boxes, cator, and cribbage) have been objects of different scientific researches by academics and professional societies [1][2][3][4]. Among these techniques, rammed earth (RE) is also an object of several studies [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. RE walls are made by compacting earth in vertical formworks (wooden or metal panels).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Rods as a Seismic Reinforcement Technique for Rammed Earth Walls: An Assessment

Bui

El-Nabouch

et al. 2019

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Rammed earth (RE) is a construction material which is manufactured by compacting soil by layers within a formwork to build a monolithic wall. RE material is the subject of numerous scientific researches during the last decade because of the significant heritage of RE buildings and the sustainable properties of this material: low embodied energy, substantial thermal inertia, and natural regulator of moisture. The seismic performance of RE buildings is an interesting topic which needs to be thoroughly investigated. This paper presents a numerical study which assesses the relevancy of a seismic reinforcement technique for RE walls by using two vertical steel rods installed at two extremities of the walls. The discrete element method (DEM) was used to model unreinforced and reinforced RE walls. These walls were first loaded with a vertical stress on the top to simulate the vertical loads and then submitted to a horizontal loading on the top to simulate the seismic action. Two current cases of RE buildings were investigated: one-storey and two-storey buildings. The results showed that the reinforcement technique enhanced the maximum horizontal force about 25% and 10%, respectively, for the cases of one- and two-storey buildings. Higher effectiveness of this reinforcement technique is expected for RE materials having higher compressive strength, for example, stabilized RE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Rods as a Seismic Reinforcement Technique for Rammed Earth Walls: An Assessment

Bui

El-Nabouch

et al. 2019

Advances in Civil Engineering

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“…However, raw earth is still disregarded in mainstream construction due to the low levels of water durability and strength. Chemical stabilisers such as cement or lime are often added to the earth to improve mechanical characteristics (Walker and Stace, 1997;Guettala et al, 2006;Jayasinghe and Kamaladasa, 2007;Kariyawasam and Jayasinghe, 2016;Venkatarama Reddy et al, 2016;Dao et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of quick firing on the hygro-mechanical behaviour of earth bricks

Perlot¹,

Gallipoli²,

Bruno³

2019

Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies (SCMT)

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This paper presents the effect of quick firing on the compressive strength and moisture adsorption capacity of earth bricks manufactured according to three different methods, i.e. extrusion, standard Proctorcompaction and hypercompaction to 100 MPa. All bricks were fired inside an electrical furnace by rising the temperature at a quick rate of about 9 °C per minute to 280, 455, 640, 825 and 1000 °C, after which the furnace was turned off and left to cool to the atmosphere with the brick inside it. Results show that quick firing of hypercompacted bricks at moderate temperatures, between 455 and 640 °C, is enough to attain very high levels of compressive strength, between 29 and 34 MPa, and a good moisture adsorption capacity. The strength of hypercompacted bricks further increases to 53 MPa, a value similar to that of high-strength concrete, after quick firing at 825 °C. Hence, the combination of hypercompaction and quick firing improves material performance while enabling a significant reduction of firing temperatures and times compared to current bricks production methods.

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“…Among stabilizing additives, cement is one of the most commonly used stabilizers, and stabilized rammed earth with cement is usually called "cement-stabilized rammed earth" (CSRE). Although cement stabilization could increase construction cost and embodied energy that resulted in environmental impact [23], CSRE gradually gained popularity due to its higher and faster strength gain, durability, and availability with low percentage of cement [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic Behavior of Confined Cement-Stabilized Rammed Earth Walls

Yang

Wang²,

Zhao

2018

Shock and Vibration

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Rammed earth is widely utilized in both developed and developing countries due to its low embodied energy and good natural moisture buffering of indoor environments. However, its application in seismic active regions was limited owing to its intrinsically low resistance to dynamic actions. is paper presents the test results of four cement-stabilized rammed earth walls with confining tie-column elements under cyclic loading, aiming at assessing the cyclic behavior of proposed rammed earth walls with confining tie-column elements. e test results revealed that the proposed confining tie-column elements could significantly improve the cyclic behavior of cement-stabilized rammed earth wall, exhibiting good strength and ductility.

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Cement stabilized rammed earth as a sustainable construction material

Cited by 131 publications

References 13 publications

Vertical Rods as a Seismic Reinforcement Technique for Rammed Earth Walls: An Assessment

Vertical Rods as a Seismic Reinforcement Technique for Rammed Earth Walls: An Assessment

Effect of quick firing on the hygro-mechanical behaviour of earth bricks

Cyclic Behavior of Confined Cement-Stabilized Rammed Earth Walls

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