Cellulose whiskers reinforced polyvinyl alcohol copolymers nanocomposites

Roohani, Mehdi; Habibi, Youssef; Belgacem, Mohamed Naceur; Ebrahim, Ghanbar; Karimi, Ali; Dufresne, Alain

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.05.024

Cited by 450 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…1c. These dimensions are similar to the dimensions and aspect ratio (~10) of the cotton-linter based CNs reported elsewhere [25]. The strong acids and mechanical forces resulted in the removal of amorphous segments of pristine cellulose, and accordingly, the bulk MCC broke down into rod-like CNs.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Morphologies and surface properties of cellulose-based activated carbon nanoplates

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Song³

et al. 2016

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In this study, cellulose nanoplates (CNPs) were fabricated using cellulose nanocrystals obtained from commercial microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Their pyrolysis behavior and the characteristics of the product carbonaceous materials were investigated. CNPs showed a relatively high char yield when compared with MCC due to sulfate functional groups introduced during the manufacturing process. In addition, pyrolyzed CNPs (CCNPs) showed more effective chemical activation behavior compared with MCC-induced carbonaceous materials. The activated CCNPs exhibited a microporous carbon structure with a high surface area of 1310.6 m 2 /g and numerous oxygen heteroatoms. The results of this study show the effects of morphology and the surface properties of cellulose-based nanomaterials on pyrolysis and the activation process.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Morphologies and surface properties of cellulose-based activated carbon nanoplates

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Song³

et al. 2016

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“…2 For neat PVA, as expected, the T g decreased with increasing relative humidity as a result of the plasticizing effect of water and the increased amount of weakly bounded water molecules. 26 In contrast, the presence of CNs counteracted the plasticizing effect of water; that is, the rigid reinforcing phase acted as an antiplasticizer as reported in PVA-based cast films. 26,32 A restriction in the mobility of polymer chains, especially in the amorphous regions, is expected to occur due to the strong hydrogen-bond interactions between the CNs and the PVA chains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…19 Relevant to the present work, CNs have been used to reinforce electrospun fibers produced from poly(ethylene oxide), 20 poly-(acrylic acid), 21 polystyrene, 22 poly(ε-caprolactone), 23 and cellulose. 24 The presence of hydroxyl groups in CNs makes them suitable for the production of composites with polar, hydrophilic polymers such as PVA, and the benefit of improved mechanical and thermal properties has been reported in the case of cast films 25,26 and electrospun fiber mats. [27][28][29] The aim of the present contribution is to study the effect of water as well as humidity treatments on the morphological integrity and the mechanical properties of electrospun PVA fibers reinforced with CNs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Moisture on Electrospun Nanofiber Composites of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Cellulose Nanocrystals

et al. 2010

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. 2010. Effect of moisture on electrospun nanofiber composites of poly(vinyl alcohol) and cellulose nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules, volume 11, number 9, pages 2471-2477. © 2010 American Chemical Society (ACS)Reprinted with permission from American Chemical Society. Effect of Moisture on Electrospun Nanofiber Composites ofPoly(vinyl alcohol) and Cellulose Nanocrystals The effect of humidity on the morphological and thermomechanical properties of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fiber mats reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the incorporation of CNs improved the morphological stability of the composite fibers even in high humidity environments. Thermal and mechanical properties of the electrospun fiber mats were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and large deformation tensile tests under controlled humidity and temperatures. The balance between the moisture-induced plasticization and the reinforcing effect of rigid CN particles was critical in determining the thermomechanical behaviors of the electrospun fiber mats. Results indicated that the stabilizing effect of the CNs in the PVA matrix might be compromised by water absorption, disrupting the hydrogen bonding within the structure. The amount of this disruption depended on the surrounding humidity and the CN loading. The reduction in tensile strength of neat PVA fiber mats as they were conditioned from low relative humidity (10% RH) to high relative humidity (70% RH) was found to be about 80%, from 1.5 to 0.4 MPa. When the structure was reinforced with CNs, the reduction in strength was limited to 40%, from 2 to 0.8 MPa over the same range in relative humidity. More importantly, the CN-loaded PVA fiber mats showed a reversible recovery in mechanical strength after cycling the relative humidity. Finally, humidity treatments of the composite PVA fiber mats induced significant enhancement of their strength as a result of the adhesion between the continuous matrix and the CNs.

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“…Nanocellulose-or nanofiber-reinforced PVA is a biodegradable polymer composite with good tensile strength and flexibility, as well as outstanding film forming and emulsifying properties (Roohani et al 2008). The biodegradability of PVA enables the production of green nanocomposites when cellulosic materials are used as fillers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Composite Reinforced with Nanocellulose and Nanosilica

et al. 2015

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This work reported the thermomechanical and morphological properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites reinforced with nanosilica and oil palm empty fruit bunches derived nanocellulose. The nanocomposites were characterized by mechanical, thermal, XRD, optical, and morphological studies. Uniformity dispersion of the nanofillers at a 3 wt% concentration has been shown by scanning electron microscopy, whereas the changes in crystallinity were demonstrated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Addition of nanosilica resulted in increased thermal stability of PVA/nanocellulose composites due to the reduction in mobility of the matrix molecules. Visible light transmission showed that the addition of 0.5 wt% nanosilica only slightly reduced the light transmission of PVA/nanocellulose composites with 3 wt% nanocellulose. The addition of a small concentration of nanosilica successfully improved the tensile and modulus properties of PVA/nanocellulose composite films. The increases in tensile strength and thermal stability were evidence of a nanosilica contribution in PVA/nanocellulose composites, inducing reinforcement, as detected by the thermomechanical properties.

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Cellulose whiskers reinforced polyvinyl alcohol copolymers nanocomposites

Cited by 450 publications

References 37 publications

Morphologies and surface properties of cellulose-based activated carbon nanoplates

Morphologies and surface properties of cellulose-based activated carbon nanoplates

Effect of Moisture on Electrospun Nanofiber Composites of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Cellulose Nanocrystals

Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Composite Reinforced with Nanocellulose and Nanosilica

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