Cellulose Stabilized Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion: Review

Dhawale, Pritam V.; Vineeth, S. K.; Gadhave, Ravindra V.; Mahanwar, Prakash A.

doi:10.4236/ojopm.2021.112002

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Solubility and moisture absorption are critical for PVA applications, regulated by partially cross-linking polymer chains. [27][28][29][30] The cross-linking process forms chemical bonds between different polymer chains, creating materials with improved properties. It limits polymeric chain mobility, affecting crystal structure, size distribution, and crystallinity degree at the micro level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental synthesis and characterization of PVA‐fumaric acid cross‐linked biodegradable films: Implications as a sustainable matrix for composites

Sharma,

Agrawal,

Singh

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a widely used polymer that is biocompatible, nontoxic, and water‐soluble due to the presence of hydroxyl groups in its domain. This study aims to investigate the effects of fumaric acid (FA) cross‐linking and thermal cross‐linking (TC) on the PVA's mechanical and thermal properties. When the FA is mixed with PVA, it was found in the chemical reaction that the OH groups of PVA are condensing with the carboxylic acid units of FA to yield new ester linkages and water as a by‐product, which further results in the reduction of the water absorption capacity. Quantitatively, the addition of 8 (wt. /wt. %) FA resulted in a minimum of 65% water absorption rate, as compared with 117% for pure PVA. The mechanical and thermal properties of PVA also enhanced with the addition of 2% to 8% FA by weight. For the TC case, the % increase in ultimate tensile strength was 30.9% and 42.5% with and without TC, respectively. As the wt. % of FA increased from 2 to 10%, the % elongation value decreased for both with and without TC films relative to pure PVA. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed the change in degradation temperature of FA‐PVA blended film in comparison with pure PVA. Dynamic mechanical analysis was utilized to analyze the viscoelastic nature and temperature variation at the glass transition temperature. The current fabricated film is a potential candidate for the food packaging films application; moreover, the results reported in this investigation will accelerate the industrial applications of biodegradable PVA.Highlights Increasing the weight percentage of fumaric acid leads to an enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties of the film. Esterification is the usual reaction between fumaric acid and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), in which ester linkages are formed when the carboxyl groups (‐COOH) of fumaric acid and the hydroxyl groups (‐OH) of PVA combine. Water absorption characteristics of the film reduces as the wt. % of fumaric acid increases. Thermal cross‐linking of the film leads to further improvements in mechanical and thermal properties. The overall effect of increasing the wt. % of fumaric acid is negative on the glass transition temperature of the film. The developed film is a potential candidate for the food packaging films application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydroxyl groups increase PVA's water adsorption, and solubility and decrease mechanical and thermal properties, limiting its use. Solubility and moisture absorption are critical for PVA applications, regulated by partially cross‐linking polymer chains 27–30 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental synthesis and characterization of PVA‐fumaric acid cross‐linked biodegradable films: Implications as a sustainable matrix for composites

Sharma,

Agrawal,

Singh

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Traditionally, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is employed as a protective colloid in polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) wood adhesive [8]. PVAc is a yellow-white adhesive that can be applied directly to the wood substrate and cured at room temperature or through high radio frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Microcrystalline Cellulose—Polyvinyl Alcohol Stabilized Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion

Gadhave¹,

Vineeth²

2023

GSC

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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) colloid stabilized Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) based wood adhesive has poor performance in highly humid conditions. Currently, the addition of natural fillers in the wood adhesive is one of the most effective ways to enhance the performance of PVAc wood adhesive in highly moist conditions. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) are strong renewable, bio-based material and has great potential in a reinforcement of the polymeric matrix. Hence, the present work investigates the applicability of microcrystalline cellulose incorporated 3% and 5% in situ emulsion polymerization PVAc wood adhesives. Effect on physical, thermal and mechanical properties was studied by viscosity, pH, contact angle measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and pencil hardness test of films. Emulsions with different proportions of MCC were prepared and the shear strength of the applied adhesive on wood was measured. The viscosity of the adhesives was increased by increasing the concentration of MCC. The mechanical properties like tensile strength of adhesives with MCC were measured by universal tensile machine (UTM). Thermal stability was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The tensile shear strength demonstrates that MCC can improve bonding strength as compared to PVAc Homo based adhesive in the wet condition which was validated through a contact angle study. The hardness of PVAc films were also changed positively by the addition of MCC. Here, we studied the effect of the addition of different concentrations of MCC materials in situ polymerization of PVAc on their performance properties.

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“…PVAc emulsion also has certain disadvantages such as poor performance at elevated temperatures and humid conditions as a wood adhesive. Some research projects have been targeted at modifications of PVAc in order to improve its performance [11] [12] [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Effect of Addition of Calcium Carbonate and Clay on the Performance Properties of Polyvinyl Acetate Wood Glue

Gadhave¹

2023

OJPChem

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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stabilized Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) dispersionsbased wood adhesive has poor water and heat resistance. Recently, the addition of fillers in the wood adhesive is one of the most effective ways to enhance the performance of PVAc wood adhesive. Inorganic fillers have unique characteristics to improve the performance of adhesive, such as small size, high surface energy and surface hardness. Hence, the present work investigates the applicability of calcium carbonate and clay incorporated 3% in situ emulsion polymerization PVAc wood adhesive. Effect on physical, thermal and mechanical properties was studied by viscosity, pH, contact angle measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and pencil hardness test of films. Emulsions with 3% calcium carbonate and 3% clay were prepared and the shear strength of the applied adhesive on wood was measured. The viscosity of the adhesives was reduced in the case of the addition of calcium carbonate and increased in the case of clay. The mechanical properties like tensile strength of adhesives with calcium carbonate and clay were measured by a universal tensile machine (UTM). Thermal stability was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The tensile shear strength demonstrates that clay can improve bonding strength as compared to calcium carbonate of PVAc adhesive in wet conditions. The hardness of PVAc films was also changed positively by the addition of calcium carbonate and clay. Thermal stability of PVAc was significantly improved as calcium carbonate and clay were added to PVAc. Here, we did a comparative study of the effect of the addition of calcium carbonate and clay filler materials in situ polymerization of PVAc on their different properties.How to cite this paper: Gadhave, R.V.

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Cellulose Stabilized Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion: Review

Cited by 21 publications

References 90 publications

Experimental synthesis and characterization of PVA‐fumaric acid cross‐linked biodegradable films: Implications as a sustainable matrix for composites

Experimental synthesis and characterization of PVA‐fumaric acid cross‐linked biodegradable films: Implications as a sustainable matrix for composites

Synthesis of Microcrystalline Cellulose—Polyvinyl Alcohol Stabilized Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion

Comparative Study of Effect of Addition of Calcium Carbonate and Clay on the Performance Properties of Polyvinyl Acetate Wood Glue

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