Cellulose nanomaterials: size and surface influence on the thermal and rheological behavior

Marcos, M.; Kissi, Nadia El; Dufresne, Alain

doi:10.1590/0104-1428.2413

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Errors reported are propagated from error in the fits. SIEBIMM wavelength data could not be collected for CNC0.03-PEI0.1 films due to the lack of an available objective with sufficient magnification and a working distance that could fit between the clamps of the strain stage.The elastic moduli calculated from the three buckling methods were similar and fell within the ranges expected for CNC-polymer composites, where moduli for CNCs and PEI have been reported as 57 -143 GPa29,62 and 0.3 GPa,…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

A Direct Comparison of Three Buckling-Based Methods to Measure the Elastic Modulus of Nanobiocomposite Thin Films

Stimpson¹,

Osorio²,

Cranston³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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<p>To engineer tunable thin film materials, accurate measurement of their mechanical properties is crucial. However, characterizing the elastic modulus with current methods is particularly challenging for sub-micrometer thick films and hygroscopic materials because they are highly sensitive to environmental conditions and most methods require free-standing films which are difficult to prepare. In this work, we directly compared three buckling-based methods to determine the elastic moduli of supported thin films: 1) biaxial thermal shrinking, 2) uniaxial thermal shrinking, and 3) the mechanically compressed, strain-induced elastic buckling instability for mechanical measurements (SIEBIMM) method. Nanobiocomposite model films composed of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were assembled using layer-by-layer deposition to control composition and thickness. The three buckling-based methods yielded the same trends and comparable values for the elastic moduli of each CNC-PEI film composition (ranging from 15 – 44 GPa, depending on film composition). This suggests that the methods are similarly effective for the quantification of thin film mechanical properties. Increasing the CNC content in the films statistically increased the modulus, however, increasing the PEI content did not lead to significant changes. The standard deviation of elastic moduli determined from SIEBIMM was 2-4 times larger than for thermal shrinking, likely due to extensive cracking and partial film delamination. In light of these results, biaxial thermal shrinking is recommended as the method of choice because it affords the simplest implementation and analysis and is the least sensitive to small deviations in the input parameter values, such as film thickness or substrate modulus.</p>

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supporting

confidence: 77%

A Direct Comparison of Three Buckling-Based Methods to Measure the Elastic Modulus of Nanobiocomposite Thin Films

Stimpson¹,

Osorio²,

Cranston³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The results showed that the T g (−36°C), T m (116°C), and X c (from 4.5 to 5.1%) were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) by addition of the fibers in the polymeric matrix. The ability of cellulosic materials to crystalize PBAT during hot processing was previously described as a function of particle surface area and composition . However, even when nanoparticles are used as nucleation agent (offering grater surface area), the PBAT hardly reaches high crystallinity (e.g., 17%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally friendly polymer composites based on PBAT reinforced with natural fibers from the amazon forest

et al. 2019

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Biodegradable composites based on poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) and three different natural fibers (Croton lanjouwensis—Fiber C, Malvastrum tomentosum—Fiber M, and Trema micrantha—Fiber T) from the Amazon forest have been reported for the first time. Natural fibers were extracted through mechanical processing and the composites were prepared by melt mixing procedure. All composites showed greater modulus of elasticity than neat polymer and this improvement varies according to the type of fiber used as reinforcement. Addition of Fiber C increased 48% the modulus of elasticity of the polymer, while the addition of the Fibers M and T increased 70 and 72% the modulus of elasticity of the PBAT, respectively. The results reported in the present work support the idea that the above‐mentioned natural fibers can be used as filler material to obtain environmentally friendly polymer composites with improved properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3351–3360, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Deconvolution procedure was done using a MagicPlot Student 2.7.1. Five crystalline peaks were found at 14.3°, 16.4°, 20.0°, 22.5° and 34.5° which correspond to the 101, 10ī, 021, 002 and 040 Miller indices of cellulose crystals respectively [48,49,50].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Succinic Anhydride

et al. 2019

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The surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) is a key intermediate step in the development of new functionalities and the tailoring of nanomaterial properties for specific applications. In the area of polymeric nanocomposites, apart from good interfacial adhesion, the high thermal stability of cellulose nanomaterial is vitally required for the stable processing and improvement of material properties. In this respect, the heterogeneous esterification of CNC with succinic anhydride was investigated in this work in order to obtain CNC with optimised surface and thermal properties. The influence of reaction parameters, such as time, temperature, and molar ratio of reagents, on the structure, morphology and thermal properties, were systematically studied over a wide range of values by DLS, FTIR, XPS, WAXD, SEM and TGA methods. It was found that the degree of surface substitution of CNC increased with the molar ratio of succinic anhydride to cellulose hydroxyl groups (SA:OH), as well as the reaction time, whilst the temperature of reaction showed a moderate effect on the degree of esterification in the range of 70–110 °C. The studies on the thermal stability of modified nanoparticles indicated that there is a critical extent of surface esterification below which only a slight decrease of the initial temperature of degradation was observed in pyrolytic and oxidative atmospheres. A significant reduction of CNC thermal stability was observed only for the longest reaction time (240 min) and the highest molar ratio of SA:OH. This illustrates the possibility of manufacturing thermally stable, succinylated, CNC by controlling the reaction conditions and the degree of esterification.

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Cellulose nanomaterials: size and surface influence on the thermal and rheological behavior

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

A Direct Comparison of Three Buckling-Based Methods to Measure the Elastic Modulus of Nanobiocomposite Thin Films

A Direct Comparison of Three Buckling-Based Methods to Measure the Elastic Modulus of Nanobiocomposite Thin Films

Environmentally friendly polymer composites based on PBAT reinforced with natural fibers from the amazon forest

Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Succinic Anhydride

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