Cellulose nanomaterials: promising sustainable nanomaterials for application in water/wastewater treatment processes

Abstract

Schematic diagram showing the various water/wastewater treatment processes in which CN-based systems can be utilized.

Effect of Eco-Friendly Cellulose Nanocrystals on Physical Properties of Cement Mortars

“…The studies by Menezes-Silva et al [52] on the nanocrystalline cellulose obtained from eucalyptus pulp as an addition to glass-ionomer cements indicated an increase in the compressive strength in all considered samples in the range of 24.5-33.1% and in the case of flexural strength-by 19.9%-52.2% in relation to the control samples. Cao et al [18] observed an increase in flexural strength of the cement mortars modified with cellulose nanocrystals by 30% at 0.2% nanopolymer (v/v) in relation to the cement. The studies indicated that the hydration degree increased along with the CCNC content.…”

Nature‐derived fibrous nanomaterial toward biomedicine and environmental remediation: Today's state and future prospects

“…The grafted moiety generated a higher surface area and hydrophilicity significantly favored removal of pharmaceutical chemicals by electrostatic interactions . In addition, utilization of nanocellulosic materials in other advanced water treatment technologies comprised of catalysts and disinfectants has been recently widely applied for remediation of industrial effluent and microorganisms . Several studies have presented nanocellulosic‐based materials as ideal and promising candidates toward their interesting activity as supports for the catalyst and disinfectants in water remediation.…”

“…In its dimeric form, the molecule is called “cellobiose” which represents the repeating units that make up the cellulose polymer chain [Figure (b)] . This structural build‐up empowers cellulose to possess several beneficial properties, such as high internal network assembly potential, biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cytotoxicity, chirality, and numerous modifiable hydroxyl groups . Naturally, cellulose is a semicrystalline polymer with fiber width range between 5–20 μm and 0.5 μm to several millimeters in length .…”

“…CNFs are flexible long fibers with nanoscale diameter and length in the microscopic range. They are mostly generated via mechanical disintegration of cellulose fibers in an aqueous medium by either means of grinding, homogenization, or extrusion . In contrast, CNCs are miniscule and needle‐shaped, with 5–70 nm diameter in range and length between 100 and 500 nm.…”

“…So far, there are several quality reviews discussing the chemistry, modification, and applications of nanocellulosic materials in the literature . However, an extensive synergistic review on the potential usage of nanocellulosic materials in biomedicine and as bioadsorbents in water treatment is slender.…”