Cellulose nanofiber aerogel as a promising biomaterial for customized oral drug delivery

Abstract

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. Bendamustine hydrochloride is considered as the model drug. Drug loading was carried out by the physical adsorption method, and optimization of drug-loaded formulation was done using central composite design. A very lightweight-aerogel-with-matrix system was produced with drug loading of 18.98%±1.57%. The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. The results showed that the type of matrix was porous and woven with excellent mechanical properties. The drug release was assessed by dialysis, which was fitted with suitable mathematical models. Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug was released in 24 hours in medium of pH 1.2, whereas ~78%±2.28% of drug was released in medium of pH 7.4, with floating behavior for ~7.5 hours. The results of in vivo study showed a 3.25-fold increase in bioavailability. Thus, we concluded that CNF aerogels offer a great possibility for a gastroretentive drug delivery system with improved bioavailability.

Mangosteen pericarp extract embedded in electrospun PVP nanofiber mats: physicochemical properties and release mechanism of α-mangostin

“…[22][23][24][25][26] Nanofibers have been recognized for their applications in drug delivery. [27][28][29][30][31][32] Nanofibers as drug delivery systems with their very large surface area to volume ratios have the potential to improve drug release significantly. Furthermore, the small dimension of fibers combined with their microporous structure provided by the polymer mimics a protective shield, resulting in increased drug loading and drug stability.…”

<p>Engineering of Aerogel-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications</p>

“…Meanwhile, the floating tendency, swelling ability, and the mucoadhesive property of nanocellulose aerogel also induced the controllable drug release property, making it possible to release drugs through skin penetration and implant coating. 94 The cellulose-based composite or grafted aerogels have also been investigated as drug carriers. Wang et al 95 reported complex aerogels made from chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, and graphene oxide, which were synthesized using calcium ion as the crosslinker.…”

Nanofibers for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications

“…In this method, physical and/or chemical stimuli such as pH value, ionic strength, temperature, light, electric or magnetic fields, or combinations of them cause drug release. Electrospun nanofibers are gaining considerable attention as smart materials for oral drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery, vaginal drug delivery, and as a scaffold for tissue regeneration due to morphological similarities to the natural extracellular matrix, high surface‐to‐volume ratio, very high and tunable porosity, and good mechanical properties . Future efforts may be focused on the development of multiple stimuli‐responsive electrospun nanofibers and their biocompatibility with the human body.…”